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<p>Two waterborne varnishes with an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of ~ 500 and ~ 900&#xa0;g/mol were used for preparation of full-surface-bonded electrical steel laminates. By digital image correlation (DIC)-assisted testing, a nonlinear temperature dependency of the thermal expansion coefficient was ascertained for the laminates. Using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens and DIC-assisted crack opening measurement, temperature-dependent critical energy release rate (G<sub>Ic</sub>) and J-integral (J<sub>Ic</sub>) values were determined. The laminates with the higher EEW epoxy revealed higher G<sub>Ic</sub> values. Up to 60&#xa0;°C, high monotonic crack growth resistance was confirmed for both laminates. The G<sub>Ic</sub> and J<sub>Ic</sub> values were a factor of 10 lower above T<sub>g</sub> of the epoxy. The data were used to implement and validate a temperature-dependent cohesive zone model (CZM) based on a bilinear traction–separation law. Such models are essential for the simulation of full-surface-bonded electric engine laminates.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Simulation of steel/epoxy laminates for electric engines or generators: part 2—experimentally and numerically established temperature-dependent cohesive zone model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Martin Tiefenthaler,
  • Gernot M. Wallner,
  • Cornelia Marchfelder,
  • Bernhard Strauß,
  • Martin Rosner

摘要

Two waterborne varnishes with an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of ~ 500 and ~ 900 g/mol were used for preparation of full-surface-bonded electrical steel laminates. By digital image correlation (DIC)-assisted testing, a nonlinear temperature dependency of the thermal expansion coefficient was ascertained for the laminates. Using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens and DIC-assisted crack opening measurement, temperature-dependent critical energy release rate (GIc) and J-integral (JIc) values were determined. The laminates with the higher EEW epoxy revealed higher GIc values. Up to 60 °C, high monotonic crack growth resistance was confirmed for both laminates. The GIc and JIc values were a factor of 10 lower above Tg of the epoxy. The data were used to implement and validate a temperature-dependent cohesive zone model (CZM) based on a bilinear traction–separation law. Such models are essential for the simulation of full-surface-bonded electric engine laminates.

Graphical abstract