Harnessing multi-effect energy harvesting: triboelectric, piezoelectric, and flexoelectric synergies of hBN in PDMS nanogenerators for high-performance wearable devices
摘要
We present a novel approach for the fabrication of high-performance nanogenerators (NGs) by integrating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoflakes, synthesized via a cost-effective solid-state method, into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The hBN nanoflakes, optimized after a 3-h synthesis, were incorporated at varying weight percentages, with 7.5 wt% delivering the highest output. The optimized NG demonstrated an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 81.9 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 8.4 μA under random tapping. The device, referred to as 3C, achieved a maximum OCV of 76.5 V and Isc of 7.4 μA, producing 75 μW under vigorous tapping. When subjected to hard bending and stretching, the NG produced notable outputs of 8.7 V and 4.12 V, respectively, proving its versatility in various mechanical modes. The dielectric constant of the optimized composite was 11.34, and the output performance remained stable over 3000 tapping cycles, along with 1000 bending and stretching cycles, displaying the device’s mechanical durability. Additionally, the proposed NG successfully powered multiple low-power electronic devices, including LEDs, a thermometer, pedometer, calculator, and watch, using a 4.7 μF capacitor. These results highlight the significant potential of hBN-PDMS nanocomposites for energy harvesting applications in wearable electronics, offering both high output performance and long-term stability.
Graphical abstract