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<p>Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, is increasingly valued for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising candidate for nanocomposite applications. This study reviews current methods and recent innovations in using chitosan as a base material for nanocomposites, with a focus on techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning for creating encapsulated or coated nanoparticles. Experimental data demonstrate that chitosan nanocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, with tensile strength improvements of up to 40% when reinforced with nanoclays, and superior antibacterial activity, achieving a 99% reduction in E. coli growth when combined with silver nanoparticles. Case studies highlight their successful application in drug delivery systems, where chitosan-based nanoparticles enabled sustained release of anticancer drugs over 72&#xa0;h, and in wastewater treatment, where they removed over 90% of heavy metal ions. Despite these advantages, challenges such as limited thermal stability (degradation at temperatures above 200&#xa0;°C) and variability in chitosan’s molecular weight remain. This paper addresses these limitations and proposes future research directions, including the development of hybrid nanocomposites and advanced functionalization techniques, to expand the utility of chitosan-based materials in industries such as pharmaceuticals, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Chitosan as a nanocomposite matrix: advances in nanostructure fabrication, functional properties, and multidisciplinary applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月21日

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  • Muhammad Naseem,
  • Mazhar ul Islam,
  • Abdul Kareem,
  • Mansoor Sultan,
  • Ibrahim Khan,
  • Shakeel Ahmad,
  • Aftab Ahmad

摘要

Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, is increasingly valued for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising candidate for nanocomposite applications. This study reviews current methods and recent innovations in using chitosan as a base material for nanocomposites, with a focus on techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning for creating encapsulated or coated nanoparticles. Experimental data demonstrate that chitosan nanocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, with tensile strength improvements of up to 40% when reinforced with nanoclays, and superior antibacterial activity, achieving a 99% reduction in E. coli growth when combined with silver nanoparticles. Case studies highlight their successful application in drug delivery systems, where chitosan-based nanoparticles enabled sustained release of anticancer drugs over 72 h, and in wastewater treatment, where they removed over 90% of heavy metal ions. Despite these advantages, challenges such as limited thermal stability (degradation at temperatures above 200 °C) and variability in chitosan’s molecular weight remain. This paper addresses these limitations and proposes future research directions, including the development of hybrid nanocomposites and advanced functionalization techniques, to expand the utility of chitosan-based materials in industries such as pharmaceuticals, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation.

Graphical abstract