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Abstract <p>g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> has shown great advantages in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants; however, its extensive application is limited by the problems of easy agglomeration and difficult recovery of powder materials. Taking advantage of the egg-box gel characteristics of alginate, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads with millimeter size which can be floated on liquid surface were prepared by a simple process. The study revealed that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads with a diameter of 2&#xa0;mm showed excellent cationic dye adsorption performance. The hydrogel beads containing 50&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> powder could completely adsorb methylene blue dye with a concentration of 10&#xa0;mg/L within 30&#xa0;min, then degrade the dye under visible-light irradiation. After 5 cycles of adsorption and degradation, the beads can still maintain good and stable properties. The outstanding ability of photocatalytic degradation is based on that once exposed to visible light, the hydrogel network of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads can reduce the recombination and promote carrier separation for the generated electron–hole pairs, furtherly, facilitating the O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and ·OH induced by electrons and holes, respectively, to oxidize the adsorbed pollutants as CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. This strategy makes full use of the network structure of alginate, not only can g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> powder be uniformly locked inside the beads, improving the dispersion of the powder material; but also can open the porous network structure of the hydrogel during the adsorption and degradation process, gradually exposing the powder, and give full play to the excellent photocatalytic performance of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> material while in contact with the pollutants, consequently, all laying foundation for its further industrial application.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Facile preparation of reusable alginate g-C3N4 hydrogel beads for efficient photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Yu Su,
  • Shibo Li,
  • Bo Zhang,
  • Yanzhu Gu,
  • Wei Zhao

摘要

Abstract

g-C3N4 has shown great advantages in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants; however, its extensive application is limited by the problems of easy agglomeration and difficult recovery of powder materials. Taking advantage of the egg-box gel characteristics of alginate, g-C3N4 hydrogel beads with millimeter size which can be floated on liquid surface were prepared by a simple process. The study revealed that g-C3N4 hydrogel beads with a diameter of 2 mm showed excellent cationic dye adsorption performance. The hydrogel beads containing 50 mg g-C3N4 powder could completely adsorb methylene blue dye with a concentration of 10 mg/L within 30 min, then degrade the dye under visible-light irradiation. After 5 cycles of adsorption and degradation, the beads can still maintain good and stable properties. The outstanding ability of photocatalytic degradation is based on that once exposed to visible light, the hydrogel network of g-C3N4 hydrogel beads can reduce the recombination and promote carrier separation for the generated electron–hole pairs, furtherly, facilitating the O2− and ·OH induced by electrons and holes, respectively, to oxidize the adsorbed pollutants as CO2 and H2O. This strategy makes full use of the network structure of alginate, not only can g-C3N4 powder be uniformly locked inside the beads, improving the dispersion of the powder material; but also can open the porous network structure of the hydrogel during the adsorption and degradation process, gradually exposing the powder, and give full play to the excellent photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 material while in contact with the pollutants, consequently, all laying foundation for its further industrial application.

Graphical abstract