On the Vast Difference
摘要
Quine famously proposed to represent the intuitive ‘vast difference’ between the notional and the relational reading of the indefinite noun phrase occurring in a belief report of the form “S believes that a P is Q” in terms of the different scope of the existential quantifier, thereby assimilating the intuitive distinction to the theoretical distinction between de dicto and de re interpretation of belief reports. After having highlighted the substantial identity between the notional/relational distinction and the distinction between epistemically nonspecific and specific reading of indefinites in a belief report, the paper addresses two problems. The first is whether the Quinean representation is materially adequate; a negative answer is motivated through the analysis of a famous argument apparently entailing the collapse between de dicto and de re interpretation of belief reports. The second problem is how to represent the ‘vast difference’; the answer that is proposed is based on the adoption of an intuitionistic semantics for first order logic.