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<p>The effects of universal pre-K on the enrolled child have been well researched, but it is less clear how such policies affect other members of the family. This paper contributes to the discussion by evaluating the effects of New York City’s ”Pre-K For All” initiative on its maternal labor force. Leveraging American Community Survey data, I employ two difference-in-differences models and synthetic control to assess the policy’s impact. ”Pre-K For All” significantly increases the treated labor force participation rate by about 4.2% points, with a similar rise in the maternal employment rate. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the largest gains are observed among middle-income, college-educated, White non-Hispanic, and Asian non-Hispanic mothers. These findings underscore the potential of universal pre-K programs to facilitate higher maternal employment and enhance family economic stability, while also having current implications for NYC policymaking.</p>

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Early Education, Early Returns: NYC’s Universal Pre-K and Short-Term Maternal Labor Gains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Kazuma Wells

摘要

The effects of universal pre-K on the enrolled child have been well researched, but it is less clear how such policies affect other members of the family. This paper contributes to the discussion by evaluating the effects of New York City’s ”Pre-K For All” initiative on its maternal labor force. Leveraging American Community Survey data, I employ two difference-in-differences models and synthetic control to assess the policy’s impact. ”Pre-K For All” significantly increases the treated labor force participation rate by about 4.2% points, with a similar rise in the maternal employment rate. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the largest gains are observed among middle-income, college-educated, White non-Hispanic, and Asian non-Hispanic mothers. These findings underscore the potential of universal pre-K programs to facilitate higher maternal employment and enhance family economic stability, while also having current implications for NYC policymaking.