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<p>With the continuous expansion of flexible employment, its potential association with fertility has increasingly attracted scholarly attention. However, few studies have examined whether an individual’s flexible employment status is associated with the fertility intentions of his/her spouse. This study aims to explore the interdependence associations between flexible employment and fertility intentions among couples of childbearing age. Data for this study came from the 2018 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), comprising a sample of 1898 couples aged 20–49. We examined both the actor and partner effects of flexible employment on fertility intentions by adopting the Lagged Dependent Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (LDAPIM), and further explored the heterogeneity of these effects with respect to residence and education level. The results indicate that both husbands’ and wives’ flexible employment exert significant actor effects on fertility intentions, while the partner effect is observed only in husbands’ flexible employment, which is significantly associated with lower fertility intentions among their wives. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the actor effect of flexible employment on fertility intention is significant only among rural couples, whereas neither the actor nor partner effects are significant among urban couples. In families where both spouses have a low educational level, only the actor effect of flexible employment is significant, while the partner effect is not. In contrast, in families where the wife’s educational level is higher than the husband’s, husbands’ flexible employment has a significantly negative partner effect on wives’ fertility intentions. In other educational matching patterns, neither actor nor partner effects are statistically significant. This study identifies associations between flexible employment and fertility intentions among couples of childbearing age, suggesting that policy efforts should focus on improving the social security system to create a more supportive and friendly environment for the flexible employment population.</p>

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The Longitudinal Dyadic Associations Between Flexible Employment of Couples and Fertility Intentions: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Weifang Cui,
  • Xueyan Yang,
  • Zhibin Li,
  • Jinxiang Cao

摘要

With the continuous expansion of flexible employment, its potential association with fertility has increasingly attracted scholarly attention. However, few studies have examined whether an individual’s flexible employment status is associated with the fertility intentions of his/her spouse. This study aims to explore the interdependence associations between flexible employment and fertility intentions among couples of childbearing age. Data for this study came from the 2018 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), comprising a sample of 1898 couples aged 20–49. We examined both the actor and partner effects of flexible employment on fertility intentions by adopting the Lagged Dependent Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (LDAPIM), and further explored the heterogeneity of these effects with respect to residence and education level. The results indicate that both husbands’ and wives’ flexible employment exert significant actor effects on fertility intentions, while the partner effect is observed only in husbands’ flexible employment, which is significantly associated with lower fertility intentions among their wives. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the actor effect of flexible employment on fertility intention is significant only among rural couples, whereas neither the actor nor partner effects are significant among urban couples. In families where both spouses have a low educational level, only the actor effect of flexible employment is significant, while the partner effect is not. In contrast, in families where the wife’s educational level is higher than the husband’s, husbands’ flexible employment has a significantly negative partner effect on wives’ fertility intentions. In other educational matching patterns, neither actor nor partner effects are statistically significant. This study identifies associations between flexible employment and fertility intentions among couples of childbearing age, suggesting that policy efforts should focus on improving the social security system to create a more supportive and friendly environment for the flexible employment population.