<p>The family plays a vital role in adolescent growth and development, but family conflicts, like parent-child conflict and parental conflict, may negatively affect adolescents’ academic performance. This study uses the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020 and selects adolescents aged 9 to 16 as the sample, to empirically examine the effects of parent-child conflict and parental conflict on adolescents’ academic performance and analyze the heterogeneity of these effects. This paper also uses structural equation modeling to explore the mediating mechanism in the relationship between family conflicts and adolescents’ academic performance. The regression results show that both parent-child conflict and parental conflict negatively affect adolescents’ self-rated academic scores, language performance, and math performance. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that, in the group of parents with low-level education background, and in the group of boys, the impacts of parent-child conflict on adolescents’ academic performance is more significant. Structural equation modeling finds that family conflict indirectly affects adolescents’ academic performance mediated by deteriorations in adolescents’ psychological condition, disruptions in study habits, and harsher or neglectful parenting styles. Therefore, it is important to reduce family conflicts and improve the family atmosphere to promote adolescents’ academic performance.</p>