<p>Aluminum and copper are the primary building blocks of next-generation energy storage devices owing to their excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, electrochemical stability, natural abundance, and economic feasibility. These systems and their key characteristics are critically reviewed, with particular emphasis on their theoretical foundations, electrochemical behavior, and recent applications in advanced energy storage devices. Aluminum-based systems, including aluminum-ion batteries, aluminum–air batteries, and aluminum-based supercapacitors, have fascinating applications owing to their high theoretical capacity, safety, and potential for large-scale, low-cost strategies. Conversely, copper is used as a current collector and new anode material in lithium-ion batteries, and is introduced into copper-based redox flow batteries and hybrid supercapacitors to enhance their electrical conductivity, structural stability, and cyclability. Advanced fabrication strategies (nanostructuring, composite engineering, and surface coating or modification) are also summarised which led to improved electrochemical activity, corrosion resistance, and long-term performance. Nonetheless, certain technical challenges related to corrosion resistance, dendrite growth, electrolyte compatibility, and environmental issues such as resource availability, extraction, and recycling remain. Emerging innovations in material design, interface engineering, and sustainable processing routes have been explored as promising strategies to overcome these limitations. Overall, aluminum and copper continue to demonstrate strong potential for high-performance, scalable, and environmentally friendly next-generation energy storage technologies.</p>