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<p>Tin dioxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) is considered a highly potential anode candidate for both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and low working voltage. However, its practical application faces challenges such as slow electrochemical reaction kinetics and substantial volume expansion during charge-discharge cycles, which result in limited rate performance and severe capacity fading. To address these challenges, we propose a hollow SnO<sub>2</sub>@nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) composite with an inner-wall-confined structure and internal void space. This structural design features uniformly distributed SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles anchored on the interior surface of an N-doped carbon matrix, which enhances electron transfer while efficiently mitigating volume-induced stress. When tested as an anode material, the SnO<sub>2</sub>@NC composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical behavior, delivering high reversible capacities and remarkable cycle durability—maintaining 1149.8 mAh·g<sup>− 1</sup> after 100 cycles in LIBs and 342.2 mAh·g<sup>− 1</sup> after 200 cycles in LIBs under a current density of 0.2&#xa0;A·g<sup>− 1</sup>. Moreover, it demonstrates exceptional rate performance and enduring stability, even under conditions of elevated current density. The unique structural design offers an effective strategy to overcome the critical limitations of SnO<sub>2</sub>-based electrodes, providing insights into the development of high-performance energy storage materials.</p>

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Inner-wall-confined within internal void structured SnO2@NC for high-performance lithium-/sodium-ion storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Zhiqiang Huang,
  • Huazhuang Ge,
  • Yaxin Meng,
  • Cheng Chen,
  • Xiaohui Huang,
  • Zhiya Lin,
  • Shaoming Ying

摘要

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is considered a highly potential anode candidate for both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and low working voltage. However, its practical application faces challenges such as slow electrochemical reaction kinetics and substantial volume expansion during charge-discharge cycles, which result in limited rate performance and severe capacity fading. To address these challenges, we propose a hollow SnO2@nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) composite with an inner-wall-confined structure and internal void space. This structural design features uniformly distributed SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on the interior surface of an N-doped carbon matrix, which enhances electron transfer while efficiently mitigating volume-induced stress. When tested as an anode material, the SnO2@NC composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical behavior, delivering high reversible capacities and remarkable cycle durability—maintaining 1149.8 mAh·g− 1 after 100 cycles in LIBs and 342.2 mAh·g− 1 after 200 cycles in LIBs under a current density of 0.2 A·g− 1. Moreover, it demonstrates exceptional rate performance and enduring stability, even under conditions of elevated current density. The unique structural design offers an effective strategy to overcome the critical limitations of SnO2-based electrodes, providing insights into the development of high-performance energy storage materials.