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<p>This study explores the synthesis and characterization of lead-free (1-<i>x</i>)(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>) – <i>x</i>(KTa<sub>0.55</sub>Nb<sub>0.45</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) (BNT-KTN55) ceramics for their potential for practical energy storage applications, at an electric field &lt; 50&#xa0;kV/cm. The research addresses the challenge of optimizing relaxor ferroelectric behavior to exhibit a thin <i>P-E</i> loop at this practically relevant electric field. In the study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and <i>Rietveld</i> refinement confirmed a coexistence of rhombohedral (<i>R</i>3<i>c</i>) and tetragonal (<i>P</i>4<i>bm</i>) phases, with increasing tetragonal phase content as KTN55 doping increased. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a significant reduction in grain size from 4.34&#xa0;μm to 0.73&#xa0;μm. Dielectric measurements showed typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior with frequency-dependent anomalies at <i>T</i><sub>s</sub>, <i>T</i><sub>m</sub> and a flat dielectric response in the range of 75° C to 310° C for higher doping levels. Ferroelectric measurements indicated a steady reduction in remnant polarization (<i>P</i><sub>r</sub>) and coercive field (<i>E</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>) with increasing KTN55 content. The composition with <i>x</i> = 0.06 demonstrated optimal performance, with a remnant polarization of 0.96 µC/cm², a maximum polarization of 14.42 µC/cm², and a discharge efficiency of 97.86% under a field of 43&#xa0;kV/cm. The Recoverable energy density (<i>W</i><sub>rec</sub>) reached 0.295&#xa0;J/cm³. All of the produced composite samples demonstrated stability without breakdown under the maximum applied electric field of 200&#xa0;kV/cm, as limited by the instrument. Thus, their breakdown field exceeds this value, qualifying them as high breakdown field ceramics. These results suggest that BNT-KTN55 ceramics, particularly with <i>x</i> = 0.06, is a promising candidate for high-efficiency energy storage applications such as capacitors and pulse power devices.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of KTa0.55Nb0.45O3 modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 lead-free Ferroelectric ceramic for energy storage applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月6日

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  • Vishal Rohilla,
  • Mukesh Kumar,
  • Narayan Singh Panwar

摘要

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of lead-free (1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) – x(KTa0.55Nb0.45O3) (BNT-KTN55) ceramics for their potential for practical energy storage applications, at an electric field < 50 kV/cm. The research addresses the challenge of optimizing relaxor ferroelectric behavior to exhibit a thin P-E loop at this practically relevant electric field. In the study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirmed a coexistence of rhombohedral (R3c) and tetragonal (P4bm) phases, with increasing tetragonal phase content as KTN55 doping increased. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a significant reduction in grain size from 4.34 μm to 0.73 μm. Dielectric measurements showed typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior with frequency-dependent anomalies at Ts, Tm and a flat dielectric response in the range of 75° C to 310° C for higher doping levels. Ferroelectric measurements indicated a steady reduction in remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) with increasing KTN55 content. The composition with x = 0.06 demonstrated optimal performance, with a remnant polarization of 0.96 µC/cm², a maximum polarization of 14.42 µC/cm², and a discharge efficiency of 97.86% under a field of 43 kV/cm. The Recoverable energy density (Wrec) reached 0.295 J/cm³. All of the produced composite samples demonstrated stability without breakdown under the maximum applied electric field of 200 kV/cm, as limited by the instrument. Thus, their breakdown field exceeds this value, qualifying them as high breakdown field ceramics. These results suggest that BNT-KTN55 ceramics, particularly with x = 0.06, is a promising candidate for high-efficiency energy storage applications such as capacitors and pulse power devices.