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<p>Cross-cultural assessment of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) is crucial for understanding both universal and culture-specific resilient factors in child development. The 10-item Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs-Original) is widely used but shows limited systemic coverage and low variability. To address these limitations, researchers developed the expanded BCEs-20 scale, from which the 10 least-endorsed items were selected to form BCEs-Revised. We translated BCEs-20 into Turkish and compared the psychometric properties of BCEs-Original and BCEs-Revised. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 522 young adults from Türkiye (aged 18–35), predominantly university students (92.1%). Participants completed BCEs-20, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-33, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale- 21 and demographics. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure for BCEs-Revised, while BCEs-Original showed a two-factor solution. Internal consistency was excellent for both versions (ω = 0.91 and 0.89, respectively). BCEs-Revised showed enhanced variability compared to BCEs-Original, though ceiling effects persisted for several items. In separate three-step hierarchical regressions controlling for demographics and childhood maltreatment (CM), both scales predicted better mental health outcomes, with though BCEs-Revised demonsting superior predictive validity for depression (<i>B</i> = − 0.42), anxiety (<i>B</i> = − 0.35), and stress (<i>B</i> = − 0.38). Neither scale moderated CM effects on depression or stress, yet both unexpectedly strengthened the CM-anxiety association, suggesting complex protective mechanisms. Cluster analysis with CM and BCEs-Revised identified three risk profiles (high, moderate, low) that differed significantly in mental health outcomes. Findings support BCEs-Revised’s unidimensional structure, superior reliability, and predictive validity. Longitudinal studies are needed to unpack outcome-specific protective dynamics to inform family-based interventions.</p>

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Expanded Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs-20): Psychometric Properties and Comparison of BCEs-Original and BCEs-Revised

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Öznur Bayar

摘要

Cross-cultural assessment of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) is crucial for understanding both universal and culture-specific resilient factors in child development. The 10-item Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs-Original) is widely used but shows limited systemic coverage and low variability. To address these limitations, researchers developed the expanded BCEs-20 scale, from which the 10 least-endorsed items were selected to form BCEs-Revised. We translated BCEs-20 into Turkish and compared the psychometric properties of BCEs-Original and BCEs-Revised. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 522 young adults from Türkiye (aged 18–35), predominantly university students (92.1%). Participants completed BCEs-20, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-33, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale- 21 and demographics. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure for BCEs-Revised, while BCEs-Original showed a two-factor solution. Internal consistency was excellent for both versions (ω = 0.91 and 0.89, respectively). BCEs-Revised showed enhanced variability compared to BCEs-Original, though ceiling effects persisted for several items. In separate three-step hierarchical regressions controlling for demographics and childhood maltreatment (CM), both scales predicted better mental health outcomes, with though BCEs-Revised demonsting superior predictive validity for depression (B = − 0.42), anxiety (B = − 0.35), and stress (B = − 0.38). Neither scale moderated CM effects on depression or stress, yet both unexpectedly strengthened the CM-anxiety association, suggesting complex protective mechanisms. Cluster analysis with CM and BCEs-Revised identified three risk profiles (high, moderate, low) that differed significantly in mental health outcomes. Findings support BCEs-Revised’s unidimensional structure, superior reliability, and predictive validity. Longitudinal studies are needed to unpack outcome-specific protective dynamics to inform family-based interventions.