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<p>A one-dimensional photonic crystal optical biosensor is proposed for non-invasive anemia diagnosis by introducing a blood layer as a defect in the crystal structure. The operating principle relies on the dependence of blood refractive index on hemoglobin concentration. Variations in hemoglobin levels alter the refractive index of the defect layer, causing a shift in the defect-mode transmission peak within the photonic band gap, enabling accurate anemia detection. Sensor performance is numerically analyzed using the transfer matrix method, considering sensitivity, sensing efficiency, quality factor, and detection limit. The proposed biosensor achieves a sensitivity of 496&#xa0;nm/RIU, a quality factor of 1449, and a detection limit of 1.32 × 10<sup>−3</sup> RIU.</p>

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One-dimensional photonic crystal–based optical biosensor for anemia diagnosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Vipin Kumar,
  • Sanjeev Sharma,
  • Isha Chaudhary,
  • Prashant Yadav,
  • Ravinder Kumar

摘要

A one-dimensional photonic crystal optical biosensor is proposed for non-invasive anemia diagnosis by introducing a blood layer as a defect in the crystal structure. The operating principle relies on the dependence of blood refractive index on hemoglobin concentration. Variations in hemoglobin levels alter the refractive index of the defect layer, causing a shift in the defect-mode transmission peak within the photonic band gap, enabling accurate anemia detection. Sensor performance is numerically analyzed using the transfer matrix method, considering sensitivity, sensing efficiency, quality factor, and detection limit. The proposed biosensor achieves a sensitivity of 496 nm/RIU, a quality factor of 1449, and a detection limit of 1.32 × 10−3 RIU.