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<p>This study proposes a novel turbulent flow water optimization (TFWO)-based optimization framework for radiation pattern synthesis of array antennas, aiming to simultaneously enhance main gain and suppress sidelobe level (SLL). The method achieves the high gain and low SLL by separately optimizing the excitation phase, amplitude, and element position in linear array antenna (LAA) while cooperatively optimizing the excitation phase and array rotation in planar array antenna (PAA). The rigorous full-wave method of moments (MoM) framework is implemented with explicit consideration of the mutual coupling effects, ensuring electromagnetic simulation accuracy. Comparative evaluations against established algorithms (GA, ALO, WOA) demonstrate that the proposed TFWO-based approach achieves superior radiation performance in terms of main gain enhancement and the SLL suppression. Specifically, for the linear array cases, the proposed method achieved main gains of 16.73&#xa0;dB, 20.66&#xa0;dB, and 17.32&#xa0;dB, accompanied by sidelobe levels of − 1.98&#xa0;dB, − 23.21&#xa0;dB, and − 2.91&#xa0;dB, respectively. For the planar array, the method yielded the maximum main gain with a sidelobe level of − 10.71&#xa0;dB. The results indicate that this research can offer an innovative and efficient solution to enhance the radiation performance of the array antenna in its design process.</p>

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A novel optimization method for pattern synthesis of array antennas based on turbulent flow of water-based optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Jianhui Mou,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Yangwei Wang,
  • Junjie Li,
  • Fusheng Zhong,
  • Li Zheng,
  • Bo Shi

摘要

This study proposes a novel turbulent flow water optimization (TFWO)-based optimization framework for radiation pattern synthesis of array antennas, aiming to simultaneously enhance main gain and suppress sidelobe level (SLL). The method achieves the high gain and low SLL by separately optimizing the excitation phase, amplitude, and element position in linear array antenna (LAA) while cooperatively optimizing the excitation phase and array rotation in planar array antenna (PAA). The rigorous full-wave method of moments (MoM) framework is implemented with explicit consideration of the mutual coupling effects, ensuring electromagnetic simulation accuracy. Comparative evaluations against established algorithms (GA, ALO, WOA) demonstrate that the proposed TFWO-based approach achieves superior radiation performance in terms of main gain enhancement and the SLL suppression. Specifically, for the linear array cases, the proposed method achieved main gains of 16.73 dB, 20.66 dB, and 17.32 dB, accompanied by sidelobe levels of − 1.98 dB, − 23.21 dB, and − 2.91 dB, respectively. For the planar array, the method yielded the maximum main gain with a sidelobe level of − 10.71 dB. The results indicate that this research can offer an innovative and efficient solution to enhance the radiation performance of the array antenna in its design process.