<p>We propose a novel constrained Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm optimizing the design process of laterally-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors while realizing a target breakdown voltage (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10825_2025_2356_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\varvec{BV}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">BV</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). We convert the constrained BO problem into a conventional BO problem using a Lagrange multiplier. Instead of directly optimizing the traditional Figure-of-Merit (FOM), we set the Lagrangian as the objective function of BO. This adaptive objective function with a changeable Lagrange multiplier can address constrained BO problems which have constraints that require costly evaluations, without the need for additional surrogate models to approximate constraints. Our algorithm enables a device designer to set the target <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10825_2025_2356_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\varvec{BV}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">BV</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the design space, and obtain a device that satisfies the optimized FOM and the target <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10825_2025_2356_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\varvec{BV}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">BV</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> constraint automatically. Utilizing this algorithm, we explore the physical limits of the FOM for our devices in the 30 – 50 V range within the defined design space.</p>

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Constrained Bayesian optimization using a Lagrange multiplier applied to power transistor design

  • Ping-Ju Chuang,
  • Ali Saadat,
  • Sara Ghazvini,
  • Hal Edwards,
  • William G. Vandenberghe

摘要

We propose a novel constrained Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm optimizing the design process of laterally-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors while realizing a target breakdown voltage ( \({{\varvec{BV}}}\) BV ). We convert the constrained BO problem into a conventional BO problem using a Lagrange multiplier. Instead of directly optimizing the traditional Figure-of-Merit (FOM), we set the Lagrangian as the objective function of BO. This adaptive objective function with a changeable Lagrange multiplier can address constrained BO problems which have constraints that require costly evaluations, without the need for additional surrogate models to approximate constraints. Our algorithm enables a device designer to set the target \({{\varvec{BV}}}\) BV in the design space, and obtain a device that satisfies the optimized FOM and the target \({{\varvec{BV}}}\) BV constraint automatically. Utilizing this algorithm, we explore the physical limits of the FOM for our devices in the 30 – 50 V range within the defined design space.