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<p>In this study conducted in Iran, we aimed to replicate previously established associations between more positive self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and better developmental outcomes, examining whether these well-documented links also hold in an Iranian sample. As extension of previous SPA research, we tested the inter-relations among different SPA constructs and outcomes simultaneously by means of structural equations model (SEM). The design was cross-sectional and included older adults 60 years and older living in the Iranian province of Kermanshah in 2022. A total of 347 individuals (169 men; 178 women) were recruited by means of convenience sampling. SPA indicators included three established scales (aging perceptions, awareness of age-related change (AARC), attitudes toward aging) all previously introduced in Iran. Outcomes included established measures of psychological well-being and health-promoting lifestyle, both also previously established in the Iran. As expected, more positive SPA were positively associated with both developmental outcomes consistently across all three indicators. In SEM testing, defining awareness of age-related change as a mediator among aging perceptions, attitudes toward aging, and developmental outcomes achieved an acceptable fit, but was different depending on the SPA indicator: Inter-relations of aging perception and both outcomes were mediated only through AARC-Loss, whereas inter-relations among attitudes toward aging and both outcomes were mediated only through AARC-Gain. Further, AARC-Loss was a stronger mediating variable than AARC-Gain. Results from Sobel’s test confirmed the mediating role of AARC-Losses and AARC-Gains, where the indirect effect of aging perception on health-promoting lifestyle through AARC-Losses was significant (<i>z = </i>10.82, <i>P &lt;</i> .001), as was the mediation of psychological well-being (<i>z = </i>12.79, <i>P &lt;</i> .001). Similarly, attitude toward aging influenced health-promoting lifestyle (<i>z = </i>10.45, <i>P &lt;</i> .001) and psychological well-being (<i>z = </i>10.71, <i>P &lt;</i> .001) via AARC-Gains. Findings replicated the association between various SPA indicators and well-being and health related outcomes in an Iranian sample, thus extending the robustness of this relation across countries/cultures. We also confirmed the need for simultaneous analysis of different indicators of SPA and outcomes.</p>

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Examining the Relationship between Self-Perceptions of Aging, Psychological Well-Being and Health-Promoting Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Parisa Nosrati,
  • Khodamorad Momeni,
  • Hans-Werner Wahl

摘要

In this study conducted in Iran, we aimed to replicate previously established associations between more positive self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and better developmental outcomes, examining whether these well-documented links also hold in an Iranian sample. As extension of previous SPA research, we tested the inter-relations among different SPA constructs and outcomes simultaneously by means of structural equations model (SEM). The design was cross-sectional and included older adults 60 years and older living in the Iranian province of Kermanshah in 2022. A total of 347 individuals (169 men; 178 women) were recruited by means of convenience sampling. SPA indicators included three established scales (aging perceptions, awareness of age-related change (AARC), attitudes toward aging) all previously introduced in Iran. Outcomes included established measures of psychological well-being and health-promoting lifestyle, both also previously established in the Iran. As expected, more positive SPA were positively associated with both developmental outcomes consistently across all three indicators. In SEM testing, defining awareness of age-related change as a mediator among aging perceptions, attitudes toward aging, and developmental outcomes achieved an acceptable fit, but was different depending on the SPA indicator: Inter-relations of aging perception and both outcomes were mediated only through AARC-Loss, whereas inter-relations among attitudes toward aging and both outcomes were mediated only through AARC-Gain. Further, AARC-Loss was a stronger mediating variable than AARC-Gain. Results from Sobel’s test confirmed the mediating role of AARC-Losses and AARC-Gains, where the indirect effect of aging perception on health-promoting lifestyle through AARC-Losses was significant (z = 10.82, P < .001), as was the mediation of psychological well-being (z = 12.79, P < .001). Similarly, attitude toward aging influenced health-promoting lifestyle (z = 10.45, P < .001) and psychological well-being (z = 10.71, P < .001) via AARC-Gains. Findings replicated the association between various SPA indicators and well-being and health related outcomes in an Iranian sample, thus extending the robustness of this relation across countries/cultures. We also confirmed the need for simultaneous analysis of different indicators of SPA and outcomes.