<p>Surface changes on bone can be indicative of a range of different processes affecting an individual, from palaeopathology and taphonomy to cultural modification. Mapping these changes is essential to understanding bioarchaeological context and compare the changes across an individual and between them. This paper presents a new method for mapping surface features on bone (<i>e.g.</i> erosion/abrasion, surface cuts and scratches, pathologies, modifications). It is an accessible and quantifiable alternative to photogrammetry or three-dimensional scanning. It breaks each bone down into a number of two-dimensional geometric faces that can be utilised in statistical analyses. The number of faces differs depending on the skeletal development of the individual. The recording method allows faces to be grouped by anatomical plane, bone type, side, and region of the body. These selective groupings facilitate flexible categories for hypothesis testing. The technique was developed to enable a detailed recording of taphonomic staining on human skeletal remains from Khok Phanom Di, Thailand. While the technique was developed for recording bone surface staining, it could also be used to map other variations on bone surfaces, such as in palaeopathological, forensic, or taphonomic contexts.</p>

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Bone Surface Mapping: A New Method for Recording Detailed Human Bone Surface Variation

  • Sarah E. Paris,
  • Robert A. Foley

摘要

Surface changes on bone can be indicative of a range of different processes affecting an individual, from palaeopathology and taphonomy to cultural modification. Mapping these changes is essential to understanding bioarchaeological context and compare the changes across an individual and between them. This paper presents a new method for mapping surface features on bone (e.g. erosion/abrasion, surface cuts and scratches, pathologies, modifications). It is an accessible and quantifiable alternative to photogrammetry or three-dimensional scanning. It breaks each bone down into a number of two-dimensional geometric faces that can be utilised in statistical analyses. The number of faces differs depending on the skeletal development of the individual. The recording method allows faces to be grouped by anatomical plane, bone type, side, and region of the body. These selective groupings facilitate flexible categories for hypothesis testing. The technique was developed to enable a detailed recording of taphonomic staining on human skeletal remains from Khok Phanom Di, Thailand. While the technique was developed for recording bone surface staining, it could also be used to map other variations on bone surfaces, such as in palaeopathological, forensic, or taphonomic contexts.