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Purpose <p>To evaluate (1) HIV-1 viral load in pre- and post-processed testicular tissue samples from virally suppressed azoospermic HIV-positive men and (2) the reproductive outcome of the subsequent ICSI cycles.</p> Methods <p>This single-center case series reports on all virally suppressed HIV-positive men who underwent testicular biopsy at our center between 2015 and 2023. Whenever spermatozoa were present, samples underwent washing and viral load assessment in the first and last supernatant fractions. Cryopreservation of the last pellet was performed only if the final supernatant showed undetectable viral load. Embryological and clinical outcomes of subsequent ICSI cycles were evaluated.</p> Results <p>Six virally suppressed azoospermic HIV-positive men (mean age 43.1 ± 6.8 years) underwent seven biopsies, all yielding spermatozoa. All patients had frozen sperm available for ICSI with undetectable viral load following processing. Eight ICSI cycles were performed across six couples, with fertilization and embryo utilization rates of 57.9% (33/57) and 63.6% (21/33). Three fresh single embryo transfers (three couples) resulted in one monozygotic twin delivery. Twelve frozen embryo transfers (five couples) led to four live births and one elective termination. The cumulative live birth rate per couple was 50.0% (3/6).</p> Conclusions <p>We report cryopreservation of testicular tissue with undetectable viral load following sperm processing in virally suppressed HIV-positive men. Therapeutic application of these samples in ICSI-cycles results in successful clinical outcomes.</p>

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Viral contamination and reproductive outcome of testicular tissue samples from HIV-positive men: a retrospective single-center case series report

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Ileana Mateizel,
  • Tine Bosman,
  • Liese Boudry,
  • Deborah De Geyter,
  • Ellen Vancutsem,
  • Veerle Vloeberghs,
  • Matija Krunic,
  • Koen Wouters,
  • Ivo Pletincx,
  • Siel Daelemans,
  • Herman Tournaye,
  • Neelke De Munck

摘要

Purpose

To evaluate (1) HIV-1 viral load in pre- and post-processed testicular tissue samples from virally suppressed azoospermic HIV-positive men and (2) the reproductive outcome of the subsequent ICSI cycles.

Methods

This single-center case series reports on all virally suppressed HIV-positive men who underwent testicular biopsy at our center between 2015 and 2023. Whenever spermatozoa were present, samples underwent washing and viral load assessment in the first and last supernatant fractions. Cryopreservation of the last pellet was performed only if the final supernatant showed undetectable viral load. Embryological and clinical outcomes of subsequent ICSI cycles were evaluated.

Results

Six virally suppressed azoospermic HIV-positive men (mean age 43.1 ± 6.8 years) underwent seven biopsies, all yielding spermatozoa. All patients had frozen sperm available for ICSI with undetectable viral load following processing. Eight ICSI cycles were performed across six couples, with fertilization and embryo utilization rates of 57.9% (33/57) and 63.6% (21/33). Three fresh single embryo transfers (three couples) resulted in one monozygotic twin delivery. Twelve frozen embryo transfers (five couples) led to four live births and one elective termination. The cumulative live birth rate per couple was 50.0% (3/6).

Conclusions

We report cryopreservation of testicular tissue with undetectable viral load following sperm processing in virally suppressed HIV-positive men. Therapeutic application of these samples in ICSI-cycles results in successful clinical outcomes.