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<p><i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> is cultivated in tropical waters, including those of Indonesia and is an important source of kappa-carrageenan used in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This red alga is widely cultivated in regions such as Southern Sulawesi Island, Sumbawa Island, and Java Island. Metabolite composition and bioactivity vary with environment, season, and cultivation. The seaweeds were harvested after 40&#xa0;days during the May monsoon. This study applied NIRS with chemometric analysis to differentiate <i>K. alvarezii</i> samples by cultivation sites. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated using the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. NIR spectra were acquired in the range of 4000–10000&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. Discrimination of the geographical origin of <i>K. alvarezii</i> was performed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) that could discriminate among the three growth locations of <i>K. alvarezii</i> with R<sup>2</sup>Y(cum) = 0.895 and Q<sup>2</sup> (cum) = 0.828. The results showed that the ethanol extract of <i>K. alvarezii</i> from Java Island exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (71.60 ± 2.22&#xa0;µmol Trolox g<sup>−1</sup> extract) whereas in terms of TPC, the highest value was observed on Southern Sulawesi Island 373.83 ± 0.67&#xa0;mg GAE g<sup>−1</sup> extract). These findings indicated that NIRS provides a spectral fingerprint that reflects metabolite composition, highlighting the influence of origin.</p>

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Near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis for discrimination of Kappaphycus alvarezii from three locations and evaluation of antioxidant capacity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Muhammad Miftahul Madya,
  • Eti Rohaeti,
  • Rudi Heryanto,
  • Wahyu Ramadhan,
  • Rahmat Syawal,
  • Joko Santoso,
  • Daniel Cozzolino,
  • Mohamad Rafi

摘要

Kappaphycus alvarezii is cultivated in tropical waters, including those of Indonesia and is an important source of kappa-carrageenan used in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This red alga is widely cultivated in regions such as Southern Sulawesi Island, Sumbawa Island, and Java Island. Metabolite composition and bioactivity vary with environment, season, and cultivation. The seaweeds were harvested after 40 days during the May monsoon. This study applied NIRS with chemometric analysis to differentiate K. alvarezii samples by cultivation sites. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated using the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. NIR spectra were acquired in the range of 4000–10000 cm⁻1. Discrimination of the geographical origin of K. alvarezii was performed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) that could discriminate among the three growth locations of K. alvarezii with R2Y(cum) = 0.895 and Q2 (cum) = 0.828. The results showed that the ethanol extract of K. alvarezii from Java Island exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (71.60 ± 2.22 µmol Trolox g−1 extract) whereas in terms of TPC, the highest value was observed on Southern Sulawesi Island 373.83 ± 0.67 mg GAE g−1 extract). These findings indicated that NIRS provides a spectral fingerprint that reflects metabolite composition, highlighting the influence of origin.