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<p>Self-immobilized phototrophic communities, such as algal biofilms, cyanobacterial mats, and benthic communities (periphyton), have not been thoroughly investigated for their potential to address ongoing environmental challenges, including global warming, climate change, energy crisis, deteriorating soil health, eutrophication, and chemical pollution of water bodies. However, these communities show great promise, as they can be effectively utilized to sequester carbon, generate biomass feedstock for biofuel, alleviate nutrient and pollutant loads of wastewater, enhance microbial diversity, and increase crop productivity when applied in agricultural settings. Self-immobilised algal systems have advantages over planktonic counterparts due to their easier harvesting and better mechanical stability during large-scale applications. Algal biofilms and mats are self-immobilized and form complex structures associated with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS have different roles depending upon their structure and play essential functions in heavy metal removal, making algal biofilm a green alternative for pollutant removal. The algal biofilm and mat communities, including their heterotrophic bacterial inhabitants, can also play several other roles in aquaculture and industrial effluent treatment systems. When used in wastewater treatment, algal biofilm produces biomass that can serve as a usable feedstock for&#xa0;bioenergy-based technologies. Additionally, high-value-added compounds (HVACs) may be derived from these communities to benefit the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. This review examines the various roles that self-immobilized phototrophic communities can play in the fields of environmental and microbial biotechnology.</p>

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Potential of self-immobilized phototrophic biofilm and mat communities in providing nature-based solutions to various environmental issues

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Pragati Kumari,
  • Shiv Shanker Pandey,
  • Dhananjay Kumar

摘要

Self-immobilized phototrophic communities, such as algal biofilms, cyanobacterial mats, and benthic communities (periphyton), have not been thoroughly investigated for their potential to address ongoing environmental challenges, including global warming, climate change, energy crisis, deteriorating soil health, eutrophication, and chemical pollution of water bodies. However, these communities show great promise, as they can be effectively utilized to sequester carbon, generate biomass feedstock for biofuel, alleviate nutrient and pollutant loads of wastewater, enhance microbial diversity, and increase crop productivity when applied in agricultural settings. Self-immobilised algal systems have advantages over planktonic counterparts due to their easier harvesting and better mechanical stability during large-scale applications. Algal biofilms and mats are self-immobilized and form complex structures associated with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS have different roles depending upon their structure and play essential functions in heavy metal removal, making algal biofilm a green alternative for pollutant removal. The algal biofilm and mat communities, including their heterotrophic bacterial inhabitants, can also play several other roles in aquaculture and industrial effluent treatment systems. When used in wastewater treatment, algal biofilm produces biomass that can serve as a usable feedstock for bioenergy-based technologies. Additionally, high-value-added compounds (HVACs) may be derived from these communities to benefit the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. This review examines the various roles that self-immobilized phototrophic communities can play in the fields of environmental and microbial biotechnology.