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<p>Seed priming with bio-based agents is an effective approach to improving plant performance under environmental stress. This study evaluated the effects of seed priming with <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> on wheat growth under salt stress. The treatments included T<sub>0</sub>: control, T<sub>1</sub>: <i>A. platensis</i> seed priming, T<sub>2</sub>: NaCl (100&#xa0;mM), and T<sub>3</sub>: <i>A. platensis</i> seed priming combined with NaCl (100&#xa0;mM). In the greenhouse experiment, the effects of the treatments on oxidative stress markers (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT), proline, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, and plant height were determined during the seedling (S<sub>1</sub>), tillering (S<sub>2</sub>), stem elongation (S<sub>3</sub>), and heading (S<sub>4</sub>) stages. Furthermore, the impact of the treatments on phenological development stages and morphological characteristics were also assessed. The results showed that <i>A. platensis</i> improved early seedling development, chlorophyll content and RWC. Notably, the regulatory effect of <i>A. platensis</i> on the accumulation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, SOD, CAT, proline, and MDA was maintained across the S<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>4</sub> stages under salt stress conditions. Compared to T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>, salt stress (T<sub>2</sub>) caused an overall reduction in phenological development day durations, whereas the effect of <i>A. platensis</i> (T<sub>3</sub>) was not significant. Moreover, <i>A. platensis</i> had a significant positive effect on tiller number, spike height, number of grains per spike, and thousand grain weights, even under salt stress conditions (T<sub>1,</sub> T<sub>3</sub>). Overall, <i>A. platensis</i> emerges as an effective and viable bio-based priming agent for supporting sustainable agriculture and stress tolerance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) seed priming enhances salt stress tolerance in wheat: Physiological and biochemical responses across developmental stages

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Muhammet Cagri Oguz,
  • Ezgi Oguz

摘要

Seed priming with bio-based agents is an effective approach to improving plant performance under environmental stress. This study evaluated the effects of seed priming with Arthrospira platensis on wheat growth under salt stress. The treatments included T0: control, T1: A. platensis seed priming, T2: NaCl (100 mM), and T3: A. platensis seed priming combined with NaCl (100 mM). In the greenhouse experiment, the effects of the treatments on oxidative stress markers (H2O2, MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT), proline, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, and plant height were determined during the seedling (S1), tillering (S2), stem elongation (S3), and heading (S4) stages. Furthermore, the impact of the treatments on phenological development stages and morphological characteristics were also assessed. The results showed that A. platensis improved early seedling development, chlorophyll content and RWC. Notably, the regulatory effect of A. platensis on the accumulation of H2O2, SOD, CAT, proline, and MDA was maintained across the S1-S4 stages under salt stress conditions. Compared to T0 and T1, salt stress (T2) caused an overall reduction in phenological development day durations, whereas the effect of A. platensis (T3) was not significant. Moreover, A. platensis had a significant positive effect on tiller number, spike height, number of grains per spike, and thousand grain weights, even under salt stress conditions (T1, T3). Overall, A. platensis emerges as an effective and viable bio-based priming agent for supporting sustainable agriculture and stress tolerance.

Graphical abstract