Color chimerism across three carrageenan-producing red seaweeds and associated pigment characteristics
摘要
Eucheumatoid seaweeds display remarkable pigmentation diversity, yet the origin of these color variants remains poorly understood. Here, we report the occurrence of color chimerism across three representative genera, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, and Betaphycus gelatinus. Based on long-term cultivation and field observations, we identified thalli in which green branches developed on red or reddish-brown parental tissues. These chimeric individuals showed a clear boundary between red and green regions. In our observation period, the green pigmentation was maintained after isolation and propagation and no reversion to red was observed. These patterns are consistent with the possibility of a stable, unidirectional shift from red to green. Pigment analyses revealed that the color shift was primarily associated with a pronounced decrease in phycoerythrin, while the relative contents of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and, in some cases, chlorophyll a were elevated. These findings provide detailed evidence of color chimerism spanning multiple carrageenan-producing genera and offer new insights into pigment reorganization underlying red-to-green transitions. This study establishes a valuable foundation for future investigations into the molecular and physiological mechanisms governing color transformation in economically important red seaweeds.