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<p>Indonesia faces a critical environmental challenge due to the accumulation of plastic waste, particularly from single-use packaging. Biodegradable films have emerged as a sustainable alternative, though starch-based variants often exhibit poor physical and mechanical properties. This study aims to enhance the quality of corn starch-based biodegradable films by incorporating cellulose extracted from the red alga <i>Gracilaria</i> sp. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed using five cellulose concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10% w/w) to evaluate their effects on the film properties. The results showed that increasing cellulose concentration significantly improved tensile strength (up to 25.82&#xa0;MPa), film thickness, elongation, and water vapor transmission rate, while lightness (L*) remained unchanged. After seven days of biodegradation testing, low cellulose films (S1/S2) were almost fully degraded, while high cellulose (S4/S5) showed higher resistance and maintained their structural integrity. The film containing 10% <i>Gracilaria</i> cellulose concentration the best overall performance. These findings indicate that cellulose derived from <i>Gracilaria</i> cellulose can effectively enhance the mechanical and physical properties of starch-based biodegradable film, highlighting its potential as a promising reinforcing agent for sustainable packaging application.</p>

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The effect of cellulose concentration from Gracilaria on the physical and mechanical properties of corn starch biodegradable film

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Sheren Claranisa,
  • Nurhayati,
  • Hari Eko Irianto,
  • Puji Wulandari,
  • Vega Yoesepa Pamela

摘要

Indonesia faces a critical environmental challenge due to the accumulation of plastic waste, particularly from single-use packaging. Biodegradable films have emerged as a sustainable alternative, though starch-based variants often exhibit poor physical and mechanical properties. This study aims to enhance the quality of corn starch-based biodegradable films by incorporating cellulose extracted from the red alga Gracilaria sp. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed using five cellulose concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10% w/w) to evaluate their effects on the film properties. The results showed that increasing cellulose concentration significantly improved tensile strength (up to 25.82 MPa), film thickness, elongation, and water vapor transmission rate, while lightness (L*) remained unchanged. After seven days of biodegradation testing, low cellulose films (S1/S2) were almost fully degraded, while high cellulose (S4/S5) showed higher resistance and maintained their structural integrity. The film containing 10% Gracilaria cellulose concentration the best overall performance. These findings indicate that cellulose derived from Gracilaria cellulose can effectively enhance the mechanical and physical properties of starch-based biodegradable film, highlighting its potential as a promising reinforcing agent for sustainable packaging application.