<p>Solar radiation is one of the significant environmental variables responsible for skin ageing and carcinogenesis. Numerous types of UV sunscreens, featuring both inorganic and organic constituents, are produced each year globally to protect against solar radiation and prevent skin ageing and carcinogenesis. The adverse effects related to the inclusion of inorganic ingredients in sunscreens have led to a recent interest in organic alternatives in cosmetic research. Scytonemin is one such alternative compound produced by various cyanobacteria that functions as a natural shield against the harmful effects of UV radiation. With a focus on the abundance, physiochemistry, and evolutionary significance of this secondary metabolite, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the genetic aspects of scytonemin production in cyanobacteria and advancements made to increase its yield for large-scale production. Moreover, the uses of scytonemin in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, as well as future directions, have also been thoroughly reviewed. Recent studies have shown the essential role of scytonemin as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and in preventing the growth of cancer cells. Thus, the UV-protective characteristic of this compound paves the way for its inclusion in the cosmetic industry to create a natural sunblock. Cyanobacterial strains usually produce less scytonemin, which may challenge commercial-scale production. In contrast, the intricate interaction of multiple stress elements has been shown to have a significant positive impact on scytonemin production by cyanobacteria.</p>