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<p>Macroalgae-based biostimulants, due to their diverse metabolic profiles, offer an innovative and promising way to enhance crop growth and yield, as well as stimulate plant defense systems against biotic and abiotic stresses. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of three seaweeds<i>, </i><i>Bifurcaria bifurcata</i> and <i>Sargassum muticum</i> (Phaeophyceae), and <i>Codium tomentosum</i> (Ulvophyceae), harvested from the Atlantic coast in the El Jadida region, Morocco, on the growth, physiology, and antioxidant defense system of durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> var. Karim). Plants were exposed to the extracts at different concentrations (1, 3, and 6%) for 42 days. All seaweed extracts at 1 and 3 % induced a significant increase in durum wheat plant biomass, plant height, relative water content, and leaf area. These responses were more pronounced&#xa0;in <i>S. muticum</i> extract-treated plants at 3% for shoot dry weight (93%) and plant height (20%), and at 6 % for relative water content (29%), and in plants treated with <i>B. bifurcata</i> extract at 1% for leaf area (57 %). Photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased&#xa0;by 65 % with <i>S. muticum</i> extract at 3%; by 73%, and 61 % with <i>B. bifurcata</i> extract at 1 and 3%, and by 75% with <i>C. tomentosum</i> extract at 3%, respectively. The highest amounts of soluble sugars and proteins were accumulated in the leaves of plants treated with seaweed extracts. The antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenols, were also significantly enhanced. This study showed the potential of macroalgae-based aqueous extracts as eco-friendly biostimulants and their potential application for sustainable agriculture<b>.</b></p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Biostimulatory effects of seaweed extracts on the growth, physiology, and antioxidant system of Durum wheat (Triticum durum)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Ismail El Bzar,
  • Oumaima Ouala,
  • Mohammed Haida,
  • Hamza Sabir,
  • Yasser Essadki,
  • Brahim Oudra,
  • Fatima El Khalloufi,
  • Rosário Martins

摘要

Macroalgae-based biostimulants, due to their diverse metabolic profiles, offer an innovative and promising way to enhance crop growth and yield, as well as stimulate plant defense systems against biotic and abiotic stresses. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of three seaweeds, Bifurcaria bifurcata and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae), and Codium tomentosum (Ulvophyceae), harvested from the Atlantic coast in the El Jadida region, Morocco, on the growth, physiology, and antioxidant defense system of durum wheat (Triticum durum var. Karim). Plants were exposed to the extracts at different concentrations (1, 3, and 6%) for 42 days. All seaweed extracts at 1 and 3 % induced a significant increase in durum wheat plant biomass, plant height, relative water content, and leaf area. These responses were more pronounced in S. muticum extract-treated plants at 3% for shoot dry weight (93%) and plant height (20%), and at 6 % for relative water content (29%), and in plants treated with B. bifurcata extract at 1% for leaf area (57 %). Photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased by 65 % with S. muticum extract at 3%; by 73%, and 61 % with B. bifurcata extract at 1 and 3%, and by 75% with C. tomentosum extract at 3%, respectively. The highest amounts of soluble sugars and proteins were accumulated in the leaves of plants treated with seaweed extracts. The antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenols, were also significantly enhanced. This study showed the potential of macroalgae-based aqueous extracts as eco-friendly biostimulants and their potential application for sustainable agriculture.

Graphical Abstract