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<p>The yield and quality of <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>, an economically important edible seaweed, are reduced under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency. Lipids, as fundamental components for maintaining membrane integrity and cellular homeostasis, play a vital role in enabling <i>P. haitanensis</i> to cope with nutrient stress. Despite this, the physiological mechanisms by which this species adapts to N and P limitation remain largely unclear. To fill this gap, we conducted integrated physiological assessments and multi-omics analyses to elucidate the regulatory networks underlying lipid metabolism in two contrasting <i>P. haitanensis</i> strains: the high-tolerance strain 9-IV and the low-tolerance strain Z-26-BG. Our findings revealed that while N deficiency inhibited the growth of both strains, the activation of the antioxidant system helped <i>P. haitanensis</i> maintain photosynthetic stability. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed triacylglycerol (TG) serve as significant carbon and energy reserves when N limitation constrains the growth of <i>P. haitanensis</i>. Furthermore, <i>P. haitanensis</i> can reduce membrane lipids damage by increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and enhancing membrane lipid unsaturation, thereby improving the adaptive capacity to P deficiency. Comparative analysis of the two strains revealed that 9-IV strain exhibits a more robust antioxidant system and higher photosynthesis activity under N limited conditions, whereas Z-26-BG strain relies on elevated levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs to maintain membrane functionality and support growth under low P conditions. Overall, this study demonstrated lipid remodeling is an important metabolic process enabling <i>P. haitanensis</i> to adapt to nutrient deficiency, providing the basis for elucidating the mechanism to cope with nutrient-deficient environments.</p>

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Lipid remodeling constitutes a crucial metabolic response to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency in Pyropia haitanensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Ningning Xu,
  • Kai Xu,
  • Yan Xu,
  • Dehua Ji,
  • Chaotian Xie,
  • Wenlei Wang

摘要

The yield and quality of Pyropia haitanensis, an economically important edible seaweed, are reduced under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency. Lipids, as fundamental components for maintaining membrane integrity and cellular homeostasis, play a vital role in enabling P. haitanensis to cope with nutrient stress. Despite this, the physiological mechanisms by which this species adapts to N and P limitation remain largely unclear. To fill this gap, we conducted integrated physiological assessments and multi-omics analyses to elucidate the regulatory networks underlying lipid metabolism in two contrasting P. haitanensis strains: the high-tolerance strain 9-IV and the low-tolerance strain Z-26-BG. Our findings revealed that while N deficiency inhibited the growth of both strains, the activation of the antioxidant system helped P. haitanensis maintain photosynthetic stability. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed triacylglycerol (TG) serve as significant carbon and energy reserves when N limitation constrains the growth of P. haitanensis. Furthermore, P. haitanensis can reduce membrane lipids damage by increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and enhancing membrane lipid unsaturation, thereby improving the adaptive capacity to P deficiency. Comparative analysis of the two strains revealed that 9-IV strain exhibits a more robust antioxidant system and higher photosynthesis activity under N limited conditions, whereas Z-26-BG strain relies on elevated levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs to maintain membrane functionality and support growth under low P conditions. Overall, this study demonstrated lipid remodeling is an important metabolic process enabling P. haitanensis to adapt to nutrient deficiency, providing the basis for elucidating the mechanism to cope with nutrient-deficient environments.