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<p>Chrysolaminarin (CRY), a water-soluble β-(1,3)-(1,6)-glucan is the principal carbohydrate reserve in diatoms, playing a central role in energy storage, cellular physiology, and metabolic flexibility. In addition to its storage function, it possesses bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-tumour, and immunomodulatory activities. Carbon partitioning between CRY and other storage compounds, such as triacylglycerols, is influenced by nutrient status, organic carbon source, and species-specific traits. Across different trophic modes, its biosynthesis and catabolism involve conserved substrates and enzymatic steps distributed across multiple cellular organelles. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding enzyme regulation, branch structure determination, and the integration of CRY metabolism into broader cellular carbon fluxes. Addressing these gaps is essential for advancing metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing β-glucan yields and optimising diatoms as sustainable production platforms for biofuels and other high-value products. This review consolidates current knowledge on CRY metabolic pathways, regulation, and environmental modulation in diatoms, with particular emphasis on trophic mode-dependent carbon routing. A more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory networks and enzyme kinetics underlying CRY biosynthesis and degradation will support the targeted engineering of diatoms for the efficient and sustainable production of nutraceuticals, biofuels, and other carbohydrate-derived bioproducts.</p>

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Chrysolaminarin metabolism in diatoms: Pathways, regulation, and biotechnological perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Anthony Kwasiborski,
  • Abhishek Saxena,
  • Thomas Kiran Marella,
  • Céline Loiseau,
  • Archana Tiwari,
  • Lionel Ulmann

摘要

Chrysolaminarin (CRY), a water-soluble β-(1,3)-(1,6)-glucan is the principal carbohydrate reserve in diatoms, playing a central role in energy storage, cellular physiology, and metabolic flexibility. In addition to its storage function, it possesses bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-tumour, and immunomodulatory activities. Carbon partitioning between CRY and other storage compounds, such as triacylglycerols, is influenced by nutrient status, organic carbon source, and species-specific traits. Across different trophic modes, its biosynthesis and catabolism involve conserved substrates and enzymatic steps distributed across multiple cellular organelles. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding enzyme regulation, branch structure determination, and the integration of CRY metabolism into broader cellular carbon fluxes. Addressing these gaps is essential for advancing metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing β-glucan yields and optimising diatoms as sustainable production platforms for biofuels and other high-value products. This review consolidates current knowledge on CRY metabolic pathways, regulation, and environmental modulation in diatoms, with particular emphasis on trophic mode-dependent carbon routing. A more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory networks and enzyme kinetics underlying CRY biosynthesis and degradation will support the targeted engineering of diatoms for the efficient and sustainable production of nutraceuticals, biofuels, and other carbohydrate-derived bioproducts.