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<p>Spore-based propagation offers a sustainable alternative to vegetative reproduction in <i>Gracilaria</i> aquaculture, mitigating germplasm degradation and supporting long-term cultivation. This study examines the effects of salinity (6–36 psu), irradiance (25–115 μmol photons·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·s⁻<sup>1</sup>), and photoperiod (8L:16D to 14L:10D) on the early development of four underutilized <i>Gracilaria</i> species native to southern China—<i>G. fanii</i>, <i>G. bailinae</i>, <i>G. hainanensis</i>, and <i>G. punctata</i>. All species were significantly influenced by salinity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with <i>G. fanii</i> exhibited a broad salinity tolerance (18-36 psu) for tetraspore attachment and disc survival, achieving an optimal growth at 30 psu (RGR: 5.64 %·day⁻<sup>1</sup>); while <i>G. punctata</i> was more sensitive to salinity extremes but showed improved survival at 30 psu (RGR: 4.75 %·d⁻<sup>1</sup>). <i>G. bailinae</i> favored moderate salinity (24 psu), low irradiance (25 μmol photons·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·s⁻<sup>1</sup>), and 14L:10D regime, achieving 76.4 % survival and 44.4 % erect thallus emergence; In contrast, <i>G. hainanensis</i> tolerated high irradiance (up to 115 μmol photons·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·s⁻<sup>1</sup>) and performed best at 30 psu under a 12L:12D regime, with 86.3% survival and 95.4% thallus emergence. These findings reveal distinct photophysiological and salinity adaptation strategies among lesser-known <i>Gracilaria</i> spp. and support their application in sustainable reproduction.</p>

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Effects of salinity, irradiance and photoperiod on tetraspore germination and early development of four Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Ting Li,
  • Suwen Chen,
  • Junwei Li,
  • Haoxiang Hu,
  • Xiaoyong Xie,
  • Mujiao Xie,
  • Duyu Li

摘要

Spore-based propagation offers a sustainable alternative to vegetative reproduction in Gracilaria aquaculture, mitigating germplasm degradation and supporting long-term cultivation. This study examines the effects of salinity (6–36 psu), irradiance (25–115 μmol photons·m⁻2·s⁻1), and photoperiod (8L:16D to 14L:10D) on the early development of four underutilized Gracilaria species native to southern China—G. fanii, G. bailinae, G. hainanensis, and G. punctata. All species were significantly influenced by salinity (p < 0.05), with G. fanii exhibited a broad salinity tolerance (18-36 psu) for tetraspore attachment and disc survival, achieving an optimal growth at 30 psu (RGR: 5.64 %·day⁻1); while G. punctata was more sensitive to salinity extremes but showed improved survival at 30 psu (RGR: 4.75 %·d⁻1). G. bailinae favored moderate salinity (24 psu), low irradiance (25 μmol photons·m⁻2·s⁻1), and 14L:10D regime, achieving 76.4 % survival and 44.4 % erect thallus emergence; In contrast, G. hainanensis tolerated high irradiance (up to 115 μmol photons·m⁻2·s⁻1) and performed best at 30 psu under a 12L:12D regime, with 86.3% survival and 95.4% thallus emergence. These findings reveal distinct photophysiological and salinity adaptation strategies among lesser-known Gracilaria spp. and support their application in sustainable reproduction.