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<p>Iron (Fe) deficiency in rice not only limits early plant growth but also contributes to poor nutritional quality; while both algal extracts and iron-based seed priming have shown promise individually, their combined potential remains underexplored. This study reports, for the first time, the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (INPs) using the green alga <i>Sirocladium kumaoense</i> and evaluates their use as a rice seed priming agent. The synthesized INPs were spindle-shaped, with sizes averaging 33.2 ± 5.6&#xa0;nm and 5.4 ± 2.1&#xa0;nm, as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDAX, and DLS analysis. The INP-loaded algal biomass termed Nano-Phyco-Fertilizer (NPF) was tested against four treatments: hydropriming, FeSO₄, algal extract, and INP alone. NPF-primed seeds showed significantly enhanced germination, seedling vigor, shoot and root growth, and chlorophyll content. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, APX) were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation decreased, indicating improved oxidative stress tolerance. These results highlight a synergistic effect of algal biomolecules and INPs, positioning <i>S. kumaoense</i>-based NPF as a sustainable and effective bio-nanotechnological solution for rice cultivation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sirocladium kumaoense derived iron nanoparticles as a biopriming agent for enhanced early growth of rice seedlings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Anwesha Mondal,
  • Suhana Sabnam,
  • Santanu Paul

摘要

Iron (Fe) deficiency in rice not only limits early plant growth but also contributes to poor nutritional quality; while both algal extracts and iron-based seed priming have shown promise individually, their combined potential remains underexplored. This study reports, for the first time, the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (INPs) using the green alga Sirocladium kumaoense and evaluates their use as a rice seed priming agent. The synthesized INPs were spindle-shaped, with sizes averaging 33.2 ± 5.6 nm and 5.4 ± 2.1 nm, as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDAX, and DLS analysis. The INP-loaded algal biomass termed Nano-Phyco-Fertilizer (NPF) was tested against four treatments: hydropriming, FeSO₄, algal extract, and INP alone. NPF-primed seeds showed significantly enhanced germination, seedling vigor, shoot and root growth, and chlorophyll content. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, APX) were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation decreased, indicating improved oxidative stress tolerance. These results highlight a synergistic effect of algal biomolecules and INPs, positioning S. kumaoense-based NPF as a sustainable and effective bio-nanotechnological solution for rice cultivation.

Graphical Abstract