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<p>Rice paddies are widely recognized as significant sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (NFC) have been widely used as bio-fertilizers in agricultural production; however, the impact of substituting NFC for nitrogen fertilizers on CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions remains unclear. To assess the effects of NFC replacing nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, we designed a field experiment with different fertilization treatments: CK (no nitrogen fertilizer), C3N7 (30% nitrogen fertilizer replaced by NFC), C0N7 (30% nitrogen reduction), and CF (conventional fertilization). The results demonstrated that NFC changed soil properties, altered the richness and diversity of CH<sub>4</sub>-metabolizing microbial communities, enhanced methane oxidation potential, and significantly reduced CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 49.97%. Additionally, NFC decreased the activity and relative abundance of nitrate and nitrite reductase, thereby suppressing N<sub>2</sub>O production, while simultaneously enhancing the relative abundance of nitrous oxide reductase and promoting N<sub>2</sub>O reduction, leading to a 67.65% reduction in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Importantly, the substitution of NFC for nitrogen fertilizers also maintained rice yield compared to conventional fertilization practices. These findings highlight the potential of NFC as a sustainable alternative to nitrogen fertilizer, offering a dual benefit of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining rice productivity. This research provides a novel approach to mitigating global warming caused by agricultural activities.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria substitute for nitrogen fertilizer: A dual win for greenhouse gas mitigation and rice productivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Yu Zhu,
  • Huiyao Liu,
  • Kan Wang,
  • Hongjie Qin,
  • Panpan Zhou,
  • Jiaoli Zheng,
  • Jingwu Yao,
  • Dunhai Li,
  • Chengrong Peng,
  • Genbao Li

摘要

Rice paddies are widely recognized as significant sources of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (NFC) have been widely used as bio-fertilizers in agricultural production; however, the impact of substituting NFC for nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 and N2O emissions remains unclear. To assess the effects of NFC replacing nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield, CH4 and N2O emissions, we designed a field experiment with different fertilization treatments: CK (no nitrogen fertilizer), C3N7 (30% nitrogen fertilizer replaced by NFC), C0N7 (30% nitrogen reduction), and CF (conventional fertilization). The results demonstrated that NFC changed soil properties, altered the richness and diversity of CH4-metabolizing microbial communities, enhanced methane oxidation potential, and significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 49.97%. Additionally, NFC decreased the activity and relative abundance of nitrate and nitrite reductase, thereby suppressing N2O production, while simultaneously enhancing the relative abundance of nitrous oxide reductase and promoting N2O reduction, leading to a 67.65% reduction in N2O emissions. Importantly, the substitution of NFC for nitrogen fertilizers also maintained rice yield compared to conventional fertilization practices. These findings highlight the potential of NFC as a sustainable alternative to nitrogen fertilizer, offering a dual benefit of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining rice productivity. This research provides a novel approach to mitigating global warming caused by agricultural activities.

Graphical abstract