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<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish tended to reach high levels, often exceeding the maximum limits, and are potentially carcinogenic compounds. Aerogels present an ideal alternative for absorbing PAHs and open new opportunities through the development of active packaging. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cellulose microfiber aerogels derived from seaweed using different drying techniques and to evaluate their potential as active packaging materials for adsorbing carcinogenic PAHs in the smoked fish packaging environment. The methodology involved cellulose microfiber extraction from the brown alga <i>Sargassum polycystum</i>, fabrication of aerogels using freeze-drying and dehydrator drying, detailed physicochemical and structural characterization, and evaluation of their adsorption capacity for carcinogenic PAHs from smoked fish. Freeze-dried seaweed cellulose microfiber aerogels exhibited a porous 3D structure (pore size: 16.25&#xa0;nm) and absorbed 29 aromatic compounds from smoked fish. In contrast, dehydrator-dried aerogels had a denser structure (pore size: 12.08&#xa0;nm) but absorbed 30 aromatic compounds, including targeted carcinogenic PAHs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the two aerogel types exhibited distinct selectivity profiles, with only one overlapping compound among the 59 identified. Importantly, as a proof of concept, both aerogel types effectively entrapped three groups of PAHs, clearly demonstrating their potential application as active, smart packaging materials for smoked fish products.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Construction of seaweed-based aerogel from natural cellulose microfibrils: a proof-of-concept study on the application as absorbent for carcinogenic compounds from smoked fish

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Bambang Riyanto,
  • Alik Ramadani,
  • Kyle Butler,
  • Wahyu Ramadhan

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish tended to reach high levels, often exceeding the maximum limits, and are potentially carcinogenic compounds. Aerogels present an ideal alternative for absorbing PAHs and open new opportunities through the development of active packaging. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cellulose microfiber aerogels derived from seaweed using different drying techniques and to evaluate their potential as active packaging materials for adsorbing carcinogenic PAHs in the smoked fish packaging environment. The methodology involved cellulose microfiber extraction from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum, fabrication of aerogels using freeze-drying and dehydrator drying, detailed physicochemical and structural characterization, and evaluation of their adsorption capacity for carcinogenic PAHs from smoked fish. Freeze-dried seaweed cellulose microfiber aerogels exhibited a porous 3D structure (pore size: 16.25 nm) and absorbed 29 aromatic compounds from smoked fish. In contrast, dehydrator-dried aerogels had a denser structure (pore size: 12.08 nm) but absorbed 30 aromatic compounds, including targeted carcinogenic PAHs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the two aerogel types exhibited distinct selectivity profiles, with only one overlapping compound among the 59 identified. Importantly, as a proof of concept, both aerogel types effectively entrapped three groups of PAHs, clearly demonstrating their potential application as active, smart packaging materials for smoked fish products.

Graphical Abstract