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<p>Immobilization of microalgae on chitosan-based carriers represents a promising approach for producing value-added metabolites, biocapturing nutrients, and removing organic pollutants from wastewater. Although chitosan is non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, its commercial application is limited by high cost. To address this limitation, we propose the use of polysaccharide-rich biomass waste as an additive. This study investigates novel chitosan-based composite carriers containing three types of additives: spent biomass from cultured cells of the medicinal plant <i>Ajuga turkestanica</i> remained after bioactive compound extraction, apple pomace, and mushroom mycelium, the latter two being widespread food industry byproducts. These composites were prepared via cryopolymerization at varying chitosan-to-biomass ratios&#xa0;(1:3, 1:1, 3:1). The immobilization efficiency for the model cultures <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp. IPPAS C-2047 and <i>Chlorococcum</i> sp. increased with higher proportions of plant biomass and declined with elevated mycelium or pomace content. Notably, all carriers, except those containing 75% of mycelium or pomace, demonstrated higher immobilization efficiency as compared to additive-free chitosan. Mechanical stability of the carriers improved with the addition of pomace or medicinal plant but decreased with mycelium. Finally, the carriers containing 50% of medicinal plant or 50% of apple pomace combined high immobilization efficiency and mechanical stability and accepted as the optimal carriers. Phosphorus removal experiments revealed that the microalgae <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp. IPPAS C-2047 and <i>Chlorococcum</i> sp. immobilized on the most promising composites exhibited higher P-removal efficiency as compared to their suspended cultures. The novel chitosan-biowaste composite carriers show promise as environmentally friendly materials for immobilized microalgae cultivation, enabling efficient nutrient removal from wastewater and its recycling in agroecosystems.</p>

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Novel chitosan-biowaste composites for microalgae immobilization and phosphorus bioremoval

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Svetlana Vasilieva,
  • Anastasia Zakharevich,
  • Christina Antipova,
  • Timofey Grigoriev,
  • Alexandr Lukyanov,
  • Elena Lobakova,
  • Alexei Solovchenko

摘要

Immobilization of microalgae on chitosan-based carriers represents a promising approach for producing value-added metabolites, biocapturing nutrients, and removing organic pollutants from wastewater. Although chitosan is non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, its commercial application is limited by high cost. To address this limitation, we propose the use of polysaccharide-rich biomass waste as an additive. This study investigates novel chitosan-based composite carriers containing three types of additives: spent biomass from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Ajuga turkestanica remained after bioactive compound extraction, apple pomace, and mushroom mycelium, the latter two being widespread food industry byproducts. These composites were prepared via cryopolymerization at varying chitosan-to-biomass ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1). The immobilization efficiency for the model cultures Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 and Chlorococcum sp. increased with higher proportions of plant biomass and declined with elevated mycelium or pomace content. Notably, all carriers, except those containing 75% of mycelium or pomace, demonstrated higher immobilization efficiency as compared to additive-free chitosan. Mechanical stability of the carriers improved with the addition of pomace or medicinal plant but decreased with mycelium. Finally, the carriers containing 50% of medicinal plant or 50% of apple pomace combined high immobilization efficiency and mechanical stability and accepted as the optimal carriers. Phosphorus removal experiments revealed that the microalgae Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 and Chlorococcum sp. immobilized on the most promising composites exhibited higher P-removal efficiency as compared to their suspended cultures. The novel chitosan-biowaste composite carriers show promise as environmentally friendly materials for immobilized microalgae cultivation, enabling efficient nutrient removal from wastewater and its recycling in agroecosystems.