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<p>This study assessed the efficacy of red algae (<i>Hypnea flagelliformis</i>, Cystocloniaceae) -derived sulfated polysaccharide extract (HFE) as a dietary supplement for improving growth, digestive enzyme activity, and mRNA expression of mTOR signaling-related genes on white leg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>). The HFE was added to the trial feed at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3&#xa0;g&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> and its effectiveness was tested on white leg shrimp (total n = 360, initial weight 4.8 ± 0.1&#xa0;g) for 56&#xa0;days. Each treatment was replicated three times, with 30 shrimp per replicate. All replicates were conducted simultaneously to ensure uniform experimental conditions. The inclusion of HFE in the diets resulted in significant improvements in various growth parameters, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Notably, the shrimp fed with HFE2 exhibited the most substantial growth improvement and the best feed conversion ratio among all treatments, which differed significantly from the HFE3 treatment (P = 0.02). The enzymatic activities of chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase exhibited a significant increase in the shrimp fed with the HFE2 diet (<i>P</i> = 0.001), whereas there was no discernible difference between the control group and those fed with the HFE3 diet (<i>P</i> = 0.134). Interestingly, the HFE2 group demonstrated the highest increase in trypsin activity, which was significantly lower in the HFE3 group (P = 0.00). The mTOR pathway-related genes (<i>TOR, S6 K, eIF4E2, eIF4E1α, and 4E-BP</i>) were significantly upregulated in the HFE2 treatment compared with other groups (P = 0.00), whereas the relative expression levels in the HFE3 group were not significantly different (P = 0.211). Supplementation of HFE in the <i>L. vannamei</i> diet improved nutrient utilization, growth rate, and digestive enzyme activity. The optimal dietary dose of HFE was 1.98&#xa0;g&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> based on the polynomial regression model.</p>

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Effects of dietary red algae (Hypnea flagelliformis, Cystocloniaceae) extract on the growth, digestive enzyme activity, and mTOR signaling-related gene expression of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Abdolrahman Parsa,
  • Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan,
  • Houman Rajabi Islami

摘要

This study assessed the efficacy of red algae (Hypnea flagelliformis, Cystocloniaceae) -derived sulfated polysaccharide extract (HFE) as a dietary supplement for improving growth, digestive enzyme activity, and mRNA expression of mTOR signaling-related genes on white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The HFE was added to the trial feed at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 g kg−1 and its effectiveness was tested on white leg shrimp (total n = 360, initial weight 4.8 ± 0.1 g) for 56 days. Each treatment was replicated three times, with 30 shrimp per replicate. All replicates were conducted simultaneously to ensure uniform experimental conditions. The inclusion of HFE in the diets resulted in significant improvements in various growth parameters, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Notably, the shrimp fed with HFE2 exhibited the most substantial growth improvement and the best feed conversion ratio among all treatments, which differed significantly from the HFE3 treatment (P = 0.02). The enzymatic activities of chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase exhibited a significant increase in the shrimp fed with the HFE2 diet (P = 0.001), whereas there was no discernible difference between the control group and those fed with the HFE3 diet (P = 0.134). Interestingly, the HFE2 group demonstrated the highest increase in trypsin activity, which was significantly lower in the HFE3 group (P = 0.00). The mTOR pathway-related genes (TOR, S6 K, eIF4E2, eIF4E1α, and 4E-BP) were significantly upregulated in the HFE2 treatment compared with other groups (P = 0.00), whereas the relative expression levels in the HFE3 group were not significantly different (P = 0.211). Supplementation of HFE in the L. vannamei diet improved nutrient utilization, growth rate, and digestive enzyme activity. The optimal dietary dose of HFE was 1.98 g kg−1 based on the polynomial regression model.