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<p>The primary source of animal protein for feed, fishmeal, comes from global fish stocks, contributing to the degradation of marine ecosystems and the reliance on unsustainable resources. Plant proteins exhibit desirable characteristics due to their high availability, with soybean meal standing out for its good protein quality. However, this protein source carries several antinutritional compounds that can impair digestibility. Among these are saponins, which can cause gastrointestinal disturbances and hinder nutrient absorption. Previous studies indicate that β-glucosidases can hydrolyze saponins. In this context, the present study used the cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942, genetically modified to express a β-glucosidase from Amazonian soil, as a dietary supplement in a soybean meal-rich feed administered to zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). After 60&#xa0;days, physiological responses related to zootechnical performance, hepato-intestinal morphological and morphometric alterations, and the expression of genes related to inflammatory processes, the immune system, and glucose transport in the intestine were evaluated. The results highlighted the deleterious effects of the soybean meal-rich diet on zebrafish across almost all evaluated parameters. However, the addition of the cyanobacterium, even unmodified, increased feed intake and weight gain, as well as improved the specific growth rate. The addition of the genetically modified cyanobacterium not only improved zootechnical performance but also produced a protective effect on the liver and intestine, particularly in maintaining hepatocyte structure and intestinal villi length. Additionally, this modified strain positively modulated the expression of three genes related to glucose transport in the intestine. These results demonstrate not only the biotechnological potential of genetic engineering of <i>S. elongatus</i> in the expression of recombinant enzymes but also the use of these strains to increase knowledge about the interactions between nutrients and bioactive compounds, which can aid in the development of more efficient diets resulting in less physiological harm caused by the substitution of animal protein with plant protein.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Impact of dietary supplementation with Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 expressing a β-glucosidase from Amazonian soil on the physiology of zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed a soybean meal-rich diet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Andrea Idelette Hernandez,
  • Raíza dos Santos Azevedo,
  • Mirna Enríquez Reyes,
  • Beatriz Xavier Figueiredo,
  • Isaac dos Santos Flores,
  • Luri Salim Abou Anni,
  • Tony Silveira,
  • Marcelo Borges Tesser,
  • Rodrigo Desessards Jardim,
  • Antônio Sérgio Varella Junior,
  • Bruna Felix Nornberg,
  • Luis Fernando Marins

摘要

The primary source of animal protein for feed, fishmeal, comes from global fish stocks, contributing to the degradation of marine ecosystems and the reliance on unsustainable resources. Plant proteins exhibit desirable characteristics due to their high availability, with soybean meal standing out for its good protein quality. However, this protein source carries several antinutritional compounds that can impair digestibility. Among these are saponins, which can cause gastrointestinal disturbances and hinder nutrient absorption. Previous studies indicate that β-glucosidases can hydrolyze saponins. In this context, the present study used the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, genetically modified to express a β-glucosidase from Amazonian soil, as a dietary supplement in a soybean meal-rich feed administered to zebrafish (Danio rerio). After 60 days, physiological responses related to zootechnical performance, hepato-intestinal morphological and morphometric alterations, and the expression of genes related to inflammatory processes, the immune system, and glucose transport in the intestine were evaluated. The results highlighted the deleterious effects of the soybean meal-rich diet on zebrafish across almost all evaluated parameters. However, the addition of the cyanobacterium, even unmodified, increased feed intake and weight gain, as well as improved the specific growth rate. The addition of the genetically modified cyanobacterium not only improved zootechnical performance but also produced a protective effect on the liver and intestine, particularly in maintaining hepatocyte structure and intestinal villi length. Additionally, this modified strain positively modulated the expression of three genes related to glucose transport in the intestine. These results demonstrate not only the biotechnological potential of genetic engineering of S. elongatus in the expression of recombinant enzymes but also the use of these strains to increase knowledge about the interactions between nutrients and bioactive compounds, which can aid in the development of more efficient diets resulting in less physiological harm caused by the substitution of animal protein with plant protein.

Graphical abstract