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<p>Photosynthetic acclimatization refers to the adaptive changes in composition and functionality of photosynthetic apparatus under varied environmental conditions. These adaptations involve dynamic alterations in photosynthetic pigments and the proteins constituting the photosystems and light-harvesting complexes. In the present study, <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> cells were grown in synthetic dairy wastewater (SDWW) and compared with those grown in control tris–acetate phosphate (TAP) medium. We evaluated the effect of SDWW on cell growth, photochemical efficiency and structural integrity of PSII in the algal cells<i>.</i> Results indicated a significant reduction in cell growth and biomass under SDWW conditions. Pigment analysis showed alterations in total chlorophyll content of cells exposed to SDWW. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence transient and biophysical measurements of PSII activity indicated impaired energy transfer on both the donor and acceptor sides of PSII, suggesting a disruption of electron transport in microalgal cells grown in SDWW. However, an increase in Y(NPQ) indicated controlled energy dissipation, suggesting a protective mechanism to protect PSII. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of thylakoid membrane showed changes in the macro-organization of protein complexes, indicative of significant structural disruptions. Immunoblotting analysis further demonstrated downregulation of core PSII proteins, while the expression of LhcSR3, a key protein involved in the cell's adaptive response to stress, was upregulated. These findings thus point to potential stress impacts of dairy wastewater on microalgal photosynthetic machinery alongside impaired cell integrity and electron transport while triggering acclimation responses to mitigate damage.</p>

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Photosynthetic acclimation response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in synthetic dairy wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Sangeeta Sankhalkar,
  • Vishal Jamuni,
  • Ravina Pai

摘要

Photosynthetic acclimatization refers to the adaptive changes in composition and functionality of photosynthetic apparatus under varied environmental conditions. These adaptations involve dynamic alterations in photosynthetic pigments and the proteins constituting the photosystems and light-harvesting complexes. In the present study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells were grown in synthetic dairy wastewater (SDWW) and compared with those grown in control tris–acetate phosphate (TAP) medium. We evaluated the effect of SDWW on cell growth, photochemical efficiency and structural integrity of PSII in the algal cells. Results indicated a significant reduction in cell growth and biomass under SDWW conditions. Pigment analysis showed alterations in total chlorophyll content of cells exposed to SDWW. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and biophysical measurements of PSII activity indicated impaired energy transfer on both the donor and acceptor sides of PSII, suggesting a disruption of electron transport in microalgal cells grown in SDWW. However, an increase in Y(NPQ) indicated controlled energy dissipation, suggesting a protective mechanism to protect PSII. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of thylakoid membrane showed changes in the macro-organization of protein complexes, indicative of significant structural disruptions. Immunoblotting analysis further demonstrated downregulation of core PSII proteins, while the expression of LhcSR3, a key protein involved in the cell's adaptive response to stress, was upregulated. These findings thus point to potential stress impacts of dairy wastewater on microalgal photosynthetic machinery alongside impaired cell integrity and electron transport while triggering acclimation responses to mitigate damage.