<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma = (\Omega ,E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a strongly-regular graph with adjacency matrix <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and let <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the adjacency matrix of its complement. For any vertex <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \in \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we define <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{0,\omega }^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{1,\omega }^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{2,\omega }^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be, respectively, the diagonal matrices whose main diagonal is the row corresponding to <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the matrices <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I, A_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The Terwilliger algebra of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with respect to the vertex <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \in \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the subalgebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_\omega = \left\langle I,A_1,A_2,E_{0,\omega }^*,E_{1,\omega }^*,E_{2,\omega }^* \right\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the complex matrix algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {M}_{|\Omega |}(\mathbb {C})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>M</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains the subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_{0,\omega } = \operatorname {Span}\left\{ E_{i,\omega }^*A_jE_{k,\omega }^*: 0\le i,j,k\le 2 \right\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>Span</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>:</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In addition, if <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G = \operatorname {Aut}(\Gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>Aut</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a subalgebra of the centralizer algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tilde{T}_\omega = \operatorname {End}_{G_\omega }\hspace{-0.1cm}\left( \mathbb {C}^\Omega \right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>End</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> </msub> <mspace width="-2.84544pt" /> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msup> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The strongly-regular graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma =(\Omega ,E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is triply transitive if <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is vertex transitive and <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_{0,\omega } = T_\omega = \tilde{T}_\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mi>ω</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \in \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we classify all triply transitive strongly-regular graphs that are not isomorphic to the collinearity graph of the polar space <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {O}_{6}^-(q)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>O</mo> <mrow> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <i>q</i> is a prime power, or the affine polar graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{VO}_{2m}^\varepsilon (2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>VO</mtext> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>ε</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq27"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon = \pm 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On the classification of triply transitive strongly regular graphs

  • Allen Herman,
  • Roghayeh Maleki,
  • Andriaherimanana Sarobidy Razafimahatratra

摘要

Let \(\Gamma = (\Omega ,E)\) Γ = ( Ω , E ) be a strongly-regular graph with adjacency matrix \(A_1\) A 1 , and let \(A_2\) A 2 be the adjacency matrix of its complement. For any vertex \(\omega \in \Omega \) ω Ω , we define \(E_{0,\omega }^*\) E 0 , ω \(E_{1,\omega }^*\) E 1 , ω and \(E_{2,\omega }^*\) E 2 , ω to be, respectively, the diagonal matrices whose main diagonal is the row corresponding to \(\omega \) ω in the matrices \(I, A_1\) I , A 1 , and \(A_2\) A 2 . The Terwilliger algebra of \(\Gamma \) Γ with respect to the vertex \(\omega \in \Omega \) ω Ω is the subalgebra \(T_\omega = \left\langle I,A_1,A_2,E_{0,\omega }^*,E_{1,\omega }^*,E_{2,\omega }^* \right\rangle \) T ω = I , A 1 , A 2 , E 0 , ω , E 1 , ω , E 2 , ω of the complex matrix algebra \(\operatorname {M}_{|\Omega |}(\mathbb {C})\) M | Ω | ( C ) . The algebra \(T_\omega \) T ω contains the subspace \(T_{0,\omega } = \operatorname {Span}\left\{ E_{i,\omega }^*A_jE_{k,\omega }^*: 0\le i,j,k\le 2 \right\} \) T 0 , ω = Span E i , ω A j E k , ω : 0 i , j , k 2 . In addition, if \(G = \operatorname {Aut}(\Gamma )\) G = Aut ( Γ ) , then \(T_\omega \) T ω is a subalgebra of the centralizer algebra \(\tilde{T}_\omega = \operatorname {End}_{G_\omega }\hspace{-0.1cm}\left( \mathbb {C}^\Omega \right) \) T ~ ω = End G ω C Ω . The strongly-regular graph \(\Gamma =(\Omega ,E)\) Γ = ( Ω , E ) is triply transitive if \(\Gamma \) Γ is vertex transitive and \(T_{0,\omega } = T_\omega = \tilde{T}_\omega \) T 0 , ω = T ω = T ~ ω , for any \(\omega \in \Omega \) ω Ω . In this paper, we classify all triply transitive strongly-regular graphs that are not isomorphic to the collinearity graph of the polar space \(\operatorname {O}_{6}^-(q)\) O 6 - ( q ) , where q is a prime power, or the affine polar graph \(\textrm{VO}_{2m}^\varepsilon (2)\) VO 2 m ε ( 2 ) , where \(m\ge 1\) m 1 and \(\varepsilon = \pm 1\) ε = ± 1 .