<p>A subset <i>C</i> of the vertex set of a graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is said to be (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular if <i>C</i> induces an <i>a</i>-regular subgraph and every vertex outside <i>C</i> is adjacent to exactly <i>b</i> vertices in <i>C</i>. In particular, if <i>C</i> is an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of some Cayley graph on a finite group <i>G</i>, then <i>C</i> is called an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of <i>G</i> and a (0,&#xa0;1)-regular set is called a perfect code of <i>G</i>. In [Wang, Xia and Zhou, Regular sets in Cayley graphs, J. Algebr. Comb., 2023], it is proved that if <i>H</i> is a normal subgroup of <i>G</i>, then <i>H</i> is a perfect code of <i>G</i> if and only if it is an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of <i>G</i>, for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le a\le |H|-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le b\le |H|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="132" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\mid a\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">gcd</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we generalize this result and show that a subgroup <i>H</i> of <i>G</i> is a perfect code of <i>G</i> if and only if it is an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of <i>G</i>, for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le a\le |H|-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le b\le |H|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">gcd</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> divides <i>a</i>. Also, in [J. Zhang, Y. Zhu, A note on regular sets in Cayley graphs, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 2024] it is proved that if <i>H</i> is a normal subgroup of <i>G</i>, then <i>H</i> is an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of <i>G</i>, for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le a\le |H|-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\le b\le |H|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1406_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">gcd</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> divides <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> is even. In addition, the authors show that if <i>H</i> is a normal subgroup and an (<i>a</i>,&#xa0;<i>b</i>)-regular set of <i>G</i> for some odd integer <i>b</i>, then <i>H</i> is a perfect code of <i>G</i>. We extend this result and we prove the normality condition is not needed.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

On the subgroup regular sets in Cayley graphs

  • Yasamin Khaefi,
  • Zeinab Akhlaghi,
  • Behrooz Khosravi

摘要

A subset C of the vertex set of a graph \(\Gamma \) Γ is said to be (ab)-regular if C induces an a-regular subgraph and every vertex outside C is adjacent to exactly b vertices in C. In particular, if C is an (ab)-regular set of some Cayley graph on a finite group G, then C is called an (ab)-regular set of G and a (0, 1)-regular set is called a perfect code of G. In [Wang, Xia and Zhou, Regular sets in Cayley graphs, J. Algebr. Comb., 2023], it is proved that if H is a normal subgroup of G, then H is a perfect code of G if and only if it is an (ab)-regular set of G, for each \(0\le a\le |H|-1\) 0 a | H | - 1 and \(0\le b\le |H|\) 0 b | H | with \(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\mid a\) gcd ( 2 , | H | - 1 ) a . In this paper, we generalize this result and show that a subgroup H of G is a perfect code of G if and only if it is an (ab)-regular set of G, for each \(0\le a\le |H|-1\) 0 a | H | - 1 and \(0\le b\le |H|\) 0 b | H | such that \(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\) gcd ( 2 , | H | - 1 ) divides a. Also, in [J. Zhang, Y. Zhu, A note on regular sets in Cayley graphs, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 2024] it is proved that if H is a normal subgroup of G, then H is an (ab)-regular set of G, for each \(0\le a\le |H|-1\) 0 a | H | - 1 and \(0\le b\le |H|\) 0 b | H | such that \(\gcd (2,|H|-1)\) gcd ( 2 , | H | - 1 ) divides a and b is even. In addition, the authors show that if H is a normal subgroup and an (ab)-regular set of G for some odd integer b, then H is a perfect code of G. We extend this result and we prove the normality condition is not needed.