<p>We introduce the immersion poset <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _I)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on partitions, defined by <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \leqslant _I \mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if and only if <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="227" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s_\mu (x_1, \ldots , x_N) - s_\lambda (x_1, \ldots , x_N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is monomial-positive. Relations in the immersion poset determine when irreducible polynomial representations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(GL_N({\mathbb {C}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> form an immersion pair, as defined by Prasad and Raghunathan [<CitationRef CitationID="CR7">7</CitationRef>]. We develop injections <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="188" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{SSYT}(\lambda , \nu ) \hookrightarrow \textsf{SSYT}(\mu , \nu )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">SSYT</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">↪</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">SSYT</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on semistandard Young tableaux given constraints on the shape of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and present results on immersion relations among hook and two column partitions. The standard immersion poset <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _{std})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">std</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a refinement of the immersion poset, defined by <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \leqslant _{std} \mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">std</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if and only if <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \leqslant _D \mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>D</mi> </msub> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in dominance order and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f^\lambda \leqslant f^\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </msup> <mo>⩽</mo> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f^\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the number of standard Young tableaux of shape <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10801_2025_1380_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ν</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We classify maximal elements of certain shapes in the standard immersion poset using the hook length formula. Finally, we prove Schur-positivity of power sum symmetric functions on conjectured lower intervals in the immersion poset, addressing questions posed by Sundaram [<CitationRef CitationID="CR12">12</CitationRef>].</p>

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The immersion poset on partitions

  • Lisa Johnston,
  • David Kenepp,
  • Evuilynn Nguyen,
  • Digjoy Paul,
  • Anne Schilling,
  • Mary Claire Simone,
  • Regina Zhou

摘要

We introduce the immersion poset \(({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _I)\) ( P ( n ) , I ) on partitions, defined by \(\lambda \leqslant _I \mu \) λ I μ if and only if \(s_\mu (x_1, \ldots , x_N) - s_\lambda (x_1, \ldots , x_N)\) s μ ( x 1 , , x N ) - s λ ( x 1 , , x N ) is monomial-positive. Relations in the immersion poset determine when irreducible polynomial representations of \(GL_N({\mathbb {C}})\) G L N ( C ) form an immersion pair, as defined by Prasad and Raghunathan [7]. We develop injections \(\textsf{SSYT}(\lambda , \nu ) \hookrightarrow \textsf{SSYT}(\mu , \nu )\) SSYT ( λ , ν ) SSYT ( μ , ν ) on semistandard Young tableaux given constraints on the shape of \(\lambda \) λ , and present results on immersion relations among hook and two column partitions. The standard immersion poset \(({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _{std})\) ( P ( n ) , std ) is a refinement of the immersion poset, defined by \(\lambda \leqslant _{std} \mu \) λ std μ if and only if \(\lambda \leqslant _D \mu \) λ D μ in dominance order and \(f^\lambda \leqslant f^\mu \) f λ f μ , where \(f^\nu \) f ν is the number of standard Young tableaux of shape \(\nu \) ν . We classify maximal elements of certain shapes in the standard immersion poset using the hook length formula. Finally, we prove Schur-positivity of power sum symmetric functions on conjectured lower intervals in the immersion poset, addressing questions posed by Sundaram [12].