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<p>This research reported a glassy carbon electrode modified with electropolymerized poly(L-arginine) (poly(L-Arg))/GCE for the detection of zinc ions (Zn(II)) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). A bismuth (Bi) film was subsequently formed via in situ plating onto the poly(L-Arg)/GCE, resulting in a Bi/poly(L-Arg)/GCE composite electrode. The fabrication and operational conditions were optimized by adjusting the L-Arg concentration, the number of electropolymerization cycles for poly(L-Arg) modification, the Bi(III) concentration, the pH of the acetate buffer solution, the preconcentration potential, and the preconcentration time. Under optimal conditions, the anodic peak current response exhibited a linear increase within the concentration range of 7.5–400&#xa0;µg L⁻¹ (<i>r</i> = 0.999). The detection limit was determined to be 0.78&#xa0;µg L⁻¹, while the quantitation limit was found to be 2.6&#xa0;µg L<sup>− 1</sup>, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and accuracy. This modified electrode was successfully applied to detect Zn(II) in soil samples from Phuket pineapple plantations, with recovery rates ranging from 84.1 to 94.7%. The analytical results were also compared with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), demonstrating that this developed sensor offered good accuracy, precision, and reliability.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Bismuth-film-coated poly(L-arginine) electrode for zinc detection in Phuket pineapple soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Anisah Dueraning,
  • Suparat Cotchim,
  • Supaporn Dawan,
  • Warakorn Limbut,
  • Songyos Pramjit

摘要

This research reported a glassy carbon electrode modified with electropolymerized poly(L-arginine) (poly(L-Arg))/GCE for the detection of zinc ions (Zn(II)) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). A bismuth (Bi) film was subsequently formed via in situ plating onto the poly(L-Arg)/GCE, resulting in a Bi/poly(L-Arg)/GCE composite electrode. The fabrication and operational conditions were optimized by adjusting the L-Arg concentration, the number of electropolymerization cycles for poly(L-Arg) modification, the Bi(III) concentration, the pH of the acetate buffer solution, the preconcentration potential, and the preconcentration time. Under optimal conditions, the anodic peak current response exhibited a linear increase within the concentration range of 7.5–400 µg L⁻¹ (r = 0.999). The detection limit was determined to be 0.78 µg L⁻¹, while the quantitation limit was found to be 2.6 µg L− 1, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and accuracy. This modified electrode was successfully applied to detect Zn(II) in soil samples from Phuket pineapple plantations, with recovery rates ranging from 84.1 to 94.7%. The analytical results were also compared with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), demonstrating that this developed sensor offered good accuracy, precision, and reliability.

Graphical abstract