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<p>To address the challenge of balancing electrocatalytic efficiency and stability of conventional titanium-based metal oxide anodes for electro-chlorination, a composite-structured Ti/RuO<sub>2</sub>–IrO<sub>2</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> anode was fabricated by combining a dense underlying coating prepared via thermal decomposition of diluted painting solution with a porous top coating constructed through polymeric sol-gel method. The single-structured anode A and B were prepared using the same method as that for the underlying coating and the top coating respectively for comparison. Microstructural characterization and electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that this composite structure improved the comprehensive performance of the anode effectively. The porous top coating significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for chlorine evolution reaction. The composite-structured anode has a total voltametric charge of 66.59 mC cm<sup>− 2</sup>, close to 68.47 mC cm<sup>− 2</sup> for the single-structured anode B and obviously larger than 45.95 mC cm<sup>− 2</sup> for the compact anode A. Meanwhile, the dense underlying coating effectively impeded electrolyte penetration, thereby suppressing the passivation of the titanium substrate and resulting in a substantially extended accelerated lifetime. The accelerated lifetime for the composite anode, the compact anode A and the porous anode B was 194.29&#xa0;h, 196.99&#xa0;h and 142.67&#xa0;h, respectively. This strategy to construct composite coating structure by modifying preparation processes provides a new way to develop electrolytic antifouling anode with both long life and high activity.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comprehensive improvement in electrochemical performance of Ti/RuO2–IrO2–TiO2 anode with composite coating structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Shuai Zhou,
  • Likun Xu,
  • Yonglei Xin,
  • Yonghong Lu,
  • Mingshuai Guo,
  • Ivan Stojanović

摘要

To address the challenge of balancing electrocatalytic efficiency and stability of conventional titanium-based metal oxide anodes for electro-chlorination, a composite-structured Ti/RuO2–IrO2–TiO2 anode was fabricated by combining a dense underlying coating prepared via thermal decomposition of diluted painting solution with a porous top coating constructed through polymeric sol-gel method. The single-structured anode A and B were prepared using the same method as that for the underlying coating and the top coating respectively for comparison. Microstructural characterization and electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that this composite structure improved the comprehensive performance of the anode effectively. The porous top coating significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for chlorine evolution reaction. The composite-structured anode has a total voltametric charge of 66.59 mC cm− 2, close to 68.47 mC cm− 2 for the single-structured anode B and obviously larger than 45.95 mC cm− 2 for the compact anode A. Meanwhile, the dense underlying coating effectively impeded electrolyte penetration, thereby suppressing the passivation of the titanium substrate and resulting in a substantially extended accelerated lifetime. The accelerated lifetime for the composite anode, the compact anode A and the porous anode B was 194.29 h, 196.99 h and 142.67 h, respectively. This strategy to construct composite coating structure by modifying preparation processes provides a new way to develop electrolytic antifouling anode with both long life and high activity.

Graphical abstract