N-ethyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine carbothioamide (EPHC) as an excellent sensing element for the electrochemical measurement of T4, the free thyroid hormone
摘要
This article discusses the development of a novel electrochemical sensor and highlights the benefits of utilizing the electrochemical method for precise monitoring of the thyroid hormone, T4. The sensor functions through electrochemical interactions between the T₄ molecule and the electrode surface, which includes N-ethyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine carbothioamide, EPHC. By using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the sensor delivered dependable and precise results, with prospective applications in free-T4 monitoring. EPHC was synthesized and characterized using furrier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques to confirm successful synthesis. EPHC was blended with suitable components to formulate a consistent carbon paste, to which a graphite bare was affixed for electrical connectivity. The sensor demonstrated impressive performance, achieving a low detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻3 µM. It operated effectively across a linear range from 8.7 × 10⁻3 to 80.0 µM. The response time was rapid at 30 s. The electrode exhibited satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility. The sensitivity for T4 was measured at 1.17 µA µM⁻1, reflecting the sensor’s strong analytical capability. The sensor successfully quantified free-T4 in different real matrices, under optimized conditions of a pH of 9, a scan rate of 80 mV s⁻1, 5.0 mg of EPHC, and 0.5 g of graphite powder.
Graphical Abstract