<p>In this study, sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms were successfully doped into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through a controlled pyrolysis process, yielding materials with outstanding electrochemical performance. Raman spectroscopy revealed the effective reduction of graphene oxide, as evidenced by shifts in the positions of the D and G bands and the variation in intensity with an increase in defects. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the incorporation of sulfur and nitrogen atoms into the rGO framework. Electrochemical evaluation, conducted in a 0.5&#xa0;M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, showed a remarkable-specific capacitance of 448.7&#xa0;F&#xa0;g⁻¹ at 1&#xa0;A&#xa0;g⁻¹. The material also exhibited exceptional cyclic stability, holding onto 91.01% and 42.68% of its capacitance after 1000 and 10000 cycles, respectively. This work underscores the potential of heteroatom doping as a transformative strategy for graphene-based materials, paving the way for high-performance electrodes in next-generation supercapacitors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>