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Purpose <p>To compare the early phase ocular surface retention of five artificial tear formulations using lacrimal scintigraphy.</p> Materials and methods <p>Sixteen participants (25–42&#xa0;years) without ocular or systemic disease were enrolled between January 2023 and January 2025, and both eyes were included. Each subject attended three alternate-day sessions and received one Tc-99&#xa0;m–labeled drop (150&#xa0;µCi) per eye per session according to predefined formulation pairs: HP guar + sodium hyaluronate (SH) versus saline; trehalose + SH versus dexpanthenol + SH; and SH alone versus polyvinyl alcohol + povidone. Ten-minute dynamic lacrimal scintigraphy was performed following each instillation to evaluate early-phase pre-corneal retention dynamics. Regions of interest were automatically tracked and manually corrected when required. Absolute scintigraphic counts and baseline-normalized 5/0-min and 10/0-min ratios were calculated. A total of 48 dynamic scans were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Dunn–Bonferroni post-hoc testing.</p> Results <p>Scintigraphic counts decreased significantly over time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with a significant overall difference among formulations (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and no group × time interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.279). Baseline-normalized ratios similarly demonstrated significant group and time effects (each <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). HP guar + SH showed greater normalized retention than saline (<i>p</i> = 0.031), and trehalose + SH likewise exceeded saline (<i>p</i> = 0.003). HP guar + SH demonstrated the highest overall retention across formulations and showed a numerical advantage over dexpanthenol + SH (MD = 0.117), though not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.155).</p> Conclusions <p>Polymer–hyaluronate combinations, particularly HP guar + SH and trehalose + SH, demonstrated greater early-phase ocular surface retention dynamics compared with saline and several other tested formulations within the observed imaging period. HP guar + SH showed the highest overall retention profile among the evaluated preparations.</p>

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Evaluation of ocular surface retention of artificial tears by scintigraphy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Sena Esra Günay,
  • Esra Arzu Gencoglu,
  • Caner İncekaş,
  • Dilek Dursun Altınörs

摘要

Purpose

To compare the early phase ocular surface retention of five artificial tear formulations using lacrimal scintigraphy.

Materials and methods

Sixteen participants (25–42 years) without ocular or systemic disease were enrolled between January 2023 and January 2025, and both eyes were included. Each subject attended three alternate-day sessions and received one Tc-99 m–labeled drop (150 µCi) per eye per session according to predefined formulation pairs: HP guar + sodium hyaluronate (SH) versus saline; trehalose + SH versus dexpanthenol + SH; and SH alone versus polyvinyl alcohol + povidone. Ten-minute dynamic lacrimal scintigraphy was performed following each instillation to evaluate early-phase pre-corneal retention dynamics. Regions of interest were automatically tracked and manually corrected when required. Absolute scintigraphic counts and baseline-normalized 5/0-min and 10/0-min ratios were calculated. A total of 48 dynamic scans were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Dunn–Bonferroni post-hoc testing.

Results

Scintigraphic counts decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001), with a significant overall difference among formulations (p = 0.006) and no group × time interaction (p = 0.279). Baseline-normalized ratios similarly demonstrated significant group and time effects (each p < 0.001). HP guar + SH showed greater normalized retention than saline (p = 0.031), and trehalose + SH likewise exceeded saline (p = 0.003). HP guar + SH demonstrated the highest overall retention across formulations and showed a numerical advantage over dexpanthenol + SH (MD = 0.117), though not statistically significant (p = 0.155).

Conclusions

Polymer–hyaluronate combinations, particularly HP guar + SH and trehalose + SH, demonstrated greater early-phase ocular surface retention dynamics compared with saline and several other tested formulations within the observed imaging period. HP guar + SH showed the highest overall retention profile among the evaluated preparations.