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<p>Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially among children and aged people, primarily caused by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)</i>. Hence 180 samples were collected from immune-compromised, cancer and respiratory tract-infected patients. Among these <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was isolated from twenty-three samples, and was tested against 23 locally available antibiotics. These isolates were found sensitive to 8 antibiotics and resistant to 8 antibiotics. Nine medicinal plants were also checked against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates <i>Zingiber officinale</i> exhibited the highest activity with zone of inhibition (ZI) (21 ± 1.35&#xa0;mm), followed by <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> with ZI 15.5 ± 0.2&#xa0;mm and 15 ± 0.3 for aqueous extract and methanol extract, respectively. The ethanol extract of <i>Citrus limetta</i> (12 ± 2.13&#xa0;mm), <i>Cydonia oblonga</i> ZI 11 ± 2.35&#xa0;mm, <i>Viola odorata,</i> (11 ± 1.25&#xa0;mm) and <i>Papaver somniferum</i> (11 ± 0.23&#xa0;mm) also showed activity. While <i>Piper nigrum, Curcuma zedoaria,</i> and <i>Ziziphus jujube</i> showed relatively lower activities against MDR- <i>K. pneumoniae.</i> Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the selected medicinal plants revealed that <i>Zingiber officinale</i> contains a high amount of phenolic and nitrogen-derivative compounds. Alkane, alkene, ether and alcoholic compound functional groups were also observed. The presence of these functional groups showed high anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity. Similarly, FTIR analysis of <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> identified functional groups including alcohols, phenolic compounds, alkanes, alkenes and ethers. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains showed 98% similarity with <i>Rhizobium</i> strains RZ3 and 58% with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> NITW7150. The potential of the medicinal plants, as effective antimicrobial agents against MDR- <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, offering promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics.</p>

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Pharmacological evaluation of selected medicinal plant extracts against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: implications for inflammation-associated respiratory infections

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Adnan Afzal

摘要

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially among children and aged people, primarily caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Hence 180 samples were collected from immune-compromised, cancer and respiratory tract-infected patients. Among these K. pneumoniae was isolated from twenty-three samples, and was tested against 23 locally available antibiotics. These isolates were found sensitive to 8 antibiotics and resistant to 8 antibiotics. Nine medicinal plants were also checked against K. pneumoniae isolates Zingiber officinale exhibited the highest activity with zone of inhibition (ZI) (21 ± 1.35 mm), followed by Cinnamomum zeylanicum with ZI 15.5 ± 0.2 mm and 15 ± 0.3 for aqueous extract and methanol extract, respectively. The ethanol extract of Citrus limetta (12 ± 2.13 mm), Cydonia oblonga ZI 11 ± 2.35 mm, Viola odorata, (11 ± 1.25 mm) and Papaver somniferum (11 ± 0.23 mm) also showed activity. While Piper nigrum, Curcuma zedoaria, and Ziziphus jujube showed relatively lower activities against MDR- K. pneumoniae. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the selected medicinal plants revealed that Zingiber officinale contains a high amount of phenolic and nitrogen-derivative compounds. Alkane, alkene, ether and alcoholic compound functional groups were also observed. The presence of these functional groups showed high anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity. Similarly, FTIR analysis of Cinnamomum zeylanicum identified functional groups including alcohols, phenolic compounds, alkanes, alkenes and ethers. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains showed 98% similarity with Rhizobium strains RZ3 and 58% with K. pneumoniae NITW7150. The potential of the medicinal plants, as effective antimicrobial agents against MDR- K. pneumoniae, offering promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics.