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<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a major clinical challenge in public health, due to persistent intestinal inflammation and limited therapeutic efficacy of most widely used treatments, underlining the need for novel natural anti-inflammatory agents. Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees. It contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We endeavored in our present study to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Four experimental groups were constituted (<i>n</i> = 8/group): Indomethacin (15&#xa0;mg/kg), Indomethacin + EEP (50&#xa0;mg/kg), Vehicle (5% sodium bicarbonate), and Control. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were determined by ELISA, while nitrite levels and the expression of iNOS and NF-κB in peritoneal macrophages were assessed. Histological evaluation of intestinal segments was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Our results showed that indomethacin significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17), nitrite production, iNOS and NF-κB expression, accompanied by severe mucosal damage in all intestinal segments. Importantly, EEP treatment significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-17 levels, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, and markedly downregulated iNOS and NF-κB expression in peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, EEP preserved villus architecture, maintained crypt integrity, and substantially reduced submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Altogether, our findings support the potent anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective effects of Algerian propolis in indomethacin-induced experimental enteropathy, suggesting that EEP may constitute a promising therapeutic candidate for managing NSAID-induced intestinal inflammatory disorders and may have a potential clinical value in IBD treatment.</p>

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Ethanolic extract of propolis attenuates inflammation and promotes mucosal repair in an indomethacin-induced murine model of enteropathy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Oussama Medjeber,
  • Hayet Rafa,
  • Kahina Touri,
  • Arezki Samer,
  • Sabrina Bouhara,
  • Zineb Djeraba,
  • Chafia Touil-Boukoffa

摘要

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a major clinical challenge in public health, due to persistent intestinal inflammation and limited therapeutic efficacy of most widely used treatments, underlining the need for novel natural anti-inflammatory agents. Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees. It contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We endeavored in our present study to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Four experimental groups were constituted (n = 8/group): Indomethacin (15 mg/kg), Indomethacin + EEP (50 mg/kg), Vehicle (5% sodium bicarbonate), and Control. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were determined by ELISA, while nitrite levels and the expression of iNOS and NF-κB in peritoneal macrophages were assessed. Histological evaluation of intestinal segments was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Our results showed that indomethacin significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17), nitrite production, iNOS and NF-κB expression, accompanied by severe mucosal damage in all intestinal segments. Importantly, EEP treatment significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-17 levels, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, and markedly downregulated iNOS and NF-κB expression in peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, EEP preserved villus architecture, maintained crypt integrity, and substantially reduced submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Altogether, our findings support the potent anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective effects of Algerian propolis in indomethacin-induced experimental enteropathy, suggesting that EEP may constitute a promising therapeutic candidate for managing NSAID-induced intestinal inflammatory disorders and may have a potential clinical value in IBD treatment.