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Background <p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease marked by epithelial barrier dysfunction and hyperactivation of immune signaling, particularly in the NF-κB pathway. Conventional therapies are limited by side effects and relapse risk, highlighting the need for safer, plant-based interventions. <i>Oldenlandia umbellata</i> L., a traditional herb, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential but remains underexplored in gastrointestinal disorders.</p> Objective <p>This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of a methanolic extract of <i>O.umbellata</i> L. (MEOU) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, focusing on its effects on clinical symptoms, histopathology, intestinal permeability, cytokine expression, and NF-κB signaling.</p> Methods <p>Acute colitis was induced in BALB/c mice with 5% DSS for 7&#xa0;days, followed by oral treatment with MEOU (100, 200 or 400&#xa0;mg/kg) and prednisolone (5&#xa0;mg/kg) for another 7&#xa0;days. Clinical parameters (body weight, Disease Activity Index (DAI), colon and spleen morphology, and histopathology were evaluated. Intestinal permeability was measured by FITC-dextran assay, while TNF-α, IL-6 mRNA levels, and NF-κB p65 protein levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.</p> Results <p>MEOU significantly attenuated weight loss, reduced DAI scores, and reversed colon shortening and splenomegaly in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed preserved mucosal structure and reduced inflammatory infiltration. FITC-dextran assays confirmed improved barrier integrity. Molecular analyses showed that MEOU downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed NF-κB p65 activation.</p> Conclusion <p>MEOU exhibits potent anti-colitic activity through anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective mechanisms by NF-κB pathway inhibition, supporting its potential as a plant-based therapeutic for UC.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Anti-colitic effects of Oldenlandia umbellata L. through NF-κB pathway inhibition in a DSS-induced mouse model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • X. Janet Bertilla,
  • S. Rupachandra

摘要

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease marked by epithelial barrier dysfunction and hyperactivation of immune signaling, particularly in the NF-κB pathway. Conventional therapies are limited by side effects and relapse risk, highlighting the need for safer, plant-based interventions. Oldenlandia umbellata L., a traditional herb, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential but remains underexplored in gastrointestinal disorders.

Objective

This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of a methanolic extract of O.umbellata L. (MEOU) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, focusing on its effects on clinical symptoms, histopathology, intestinal permeability, cytokine expression, and NF-κB signaling.

Methods

Acute colitis was induced in BALB/c mice with 5% DSS for 7 days, followed by oral treatment with MEOU (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) for another 7 days. Clinical parameters (body weight, Disease Activity Index (DAI), colon and spleen morphology, and histopathology were evaluated. Intestinal permeability was measured by FITC-dextran assay, while TNF-α, IL-6 mRNA levels, and NF-κB p65 protein levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.

Results

MEOU significantly attenuated weight loss, reduced DAI scores, and reversed colon shortening and splenomegaly in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed preserved mucosal structure and reduced inflammatory infiltration. FITC-dextran assays confirmed improved barrier integrity. Molecular analyses showed that MEOU downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed NF-κB p65 activation.

Conclusion

MEOU exhibits potent anti-colitic activity through anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective mechanisms by NF-κB pathway inhibition, supporting its potential as a plant-based therapeutic for UC.

Graphical abstract