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<p>We present a canonical construction of global observables -sometimes referred to in the literature as macroscopic observables or observables at infinity- in statistical mechanics, providing a unified treatment of both commutative and non-commutative cases. Unlike standard approaches, the framework is formulated directly in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebraic setting, without relying on any specific representation.</p>

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Global Observables in Statistical Mechanics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • C. J. F. van de Ven

摘要

We present a canonical construction of global observables -sometimes referred to in the literature as macroscopic observables or observables at infinity- in statistical mechanics, providing a unified treatment of both commutative and non-commutative cases. Unlike standard approaches, the framework is formulated directly in the \(C^*\) C ∗ -algebraic setting, without relying on any specific representation.