We examine the thermodynamics of Kiselev black holes within the context of Rastall-Rainbow gravity, with particular attention to the role played by various surrounding matter fields, defined through the equation-of-state parameter \(\omega \) . After analyzing spherically symmetric solutions, we present explicit formulas for key properties, including the horizon radius, energy density, anisotropic pressures, surface gravity, and Hawking temperature. An investigation of the energy conditions reveals that the Weak Energy Condition (WEC) imposes a constraint on the sign of the Rastall-Rainbow parameter \(D\) to guarantee a positive energy density. Meanwhile, the Strong Energy Conditions (SECs) serve to differentiate between attractive matter fields such as dust, radiation, and quintessence and those that are repulsive or exotic, like the cosmological constant or phantom fields. The formation of horizons and the resulting thermodynamic behavior are governed by the interplay between the Rastall coefficients, the exponent \(\alpha \) , and the Rainbow functions \(\Sigma (E)/\Xi (E)\) . Notably, violations of these conditions could potentially lead to the emergence of naked singularities or other unconventional geometric structures. Overall, our findings offer a unified perspective on how simultaneous modifications to gravity through both the Rastall-Rainbow framework and the specific nature of the ambient matter collectively shape black hole structure and thermodynamics. This work underscores possible signatures of energy-dependent gravitational effects in high-energy environments.
