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<p>Considering femtosecond soliton pulses in inhomogeneous birefringent fibers, this paper focuses on the higher-order variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain or loss terms. Via the Hirota bilinear method and bilinear Bäcklund transformation with the aid of symbolic computation, we investigate the nondegenerate soliton solutions of the equation. Furthermore, we explore the relation between nondegenerate and degenerate solitons. With different types of variable coefficients, the V-shaped and wave-type double-hump solitons are obtained, and new analytical solutions are systematically derived. The transitions between nondegenerate and degenerate solitons under specific parameters, together with the new solutions, enrich the diversity of soliton structures and offer new insights into nonlinear optical pulse dynamics.</p>

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Double-Hump Soliton Solutions via Bilinear Bäcklund Transformation for Higher-Order Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations in Optical Fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Lingling Zhang,
  • Xuewei Ye

摘要

Considering femtosecond soliton pulses in inhomogeneous birefringent fibers, this paper focuses on the higher-order variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain or loss terms. Via the Hirota bilinear method and bilinear Bäcklund transformation with the aid of symbolic computation, we investigate the nondegenerate soliton solutions of the equation. Furthermore, we explore the relation between nondegenerate and degenerate solitons. With different types of variable coefficients, the V-shaped and wave-type double-hump solitons are obtained, and new analytical solutions are systematically derived. The transitions between nondegenerate and degenerate solitons under specific parameters, together with the new solutions, enrich the diversity of soliton structures and offer new insights into nonlinear optical pulse dynamics.