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<p>In this work, we introduce a novel state-dependent quantum cloning (copying) process by introducing a new class of ancillary system—an <i>adaptive ancilla</i>—modifying the conventional state-dependent quantum copying process. This state-dependent ancillary system is not pre-engineered to match the quantum state to be cloned, rather it dynamically aligns with the quantum state to be cloned via interaction. However, the space of states that it can clone is restricted by the symmetry principles. This process, while resembling quantum cloning, adheres to the no-cloning theorem due to its state-dependent and non-universal nature. Also, no-cloning theorem does not forbid the possibility that the information required to construct a clone pre-exist in any implicit form but forbids the construction of a new copy using single universal cloning machine or the existence of a hidden copy. We clarify the distinction between universal copying and conditional copying, and also between state-dependent copying via pre-engineered ancilla and via <i>adaptive ancilla</i>. We demonstrate that stimulated emission offers a concrete physical realization of state-dependent quantum copying via <i>adaptive ancilla</i>. We explore how a quantum state, for instance a photon polarization, can be cloned through light-matter interactions when the ancillary system, such as an excited atom, contain an implicit structural information about the quantum state in the form of structured set of dynamical response channels. We reinterpret the excited atomic state as a realization of an <i>adaptive ancilla</i> and cloning of a photon polarization state occurs when the quantum state of an excited atom dynamically aligns with the polarization state of the photon through physical interaction. We demonstrate that the true limits of cloning arise solely not from the no-cloning theorem, but from the symmetries imposed on physical systems—constraints which may, in principle, be relaxed or engineered in suitable quantum systems, for instance in Rydberg atoms.</p>

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State-Dependent Quantum Copying: an Adaptive Ancillary Systems and its Limitations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Guruprasad Kadam

摘要

In this work, we introduce a novel state-dependent quantum cloning (copying) process by introducing a new class of ancillary system—an adaptive ancilla—modifying the conventional state-dependent quantum copying process. This state-dependent ancillary system is not pre-engineered to match the quantum state to be cloned, rather it dynamically aligns with the quantum state to be cloned via interaction. However, the space of states that it can clone is restricted by the symmetry principles. This process, while resembling quantum cloning, adheres to the no-cloning theorem due to its state-dependent and non-universal nature. Also, no-cloning theorem does not forbid the possibility that the information required to construct a clone pre-exist in any implicit form but forbids the construction of a new copy using single universal cloning machine or the existence of a hidden copy. We clarify the distinction between universal copying and conditional copying, and also between state-dependent copying via pre-engineered ancilla and via adaptive ancilla. We demonstrate that stimulated emission offers a concrete physical realization of state-dependent quantum copying via adaptive ancilla. We explore how a quantum state, for instance a photon polarization, can be cloned through light-matter interactions when the ancillary system, such as an excited atom, contain an implicit structural information about the quantum state in the form of structured set of dynamical response channels. We reinterpret the excited atomic state as a realization of an adaptive ancilla and cloning of a photon polarization state occurs when the quantum state of an excited atom dynamically aligns with the polarization state of the photon through physical interaction. We demonstrate that the true limits of cloning arise solely not from the no-cloning theorem, but from the symmetries imposed on physical systems—constraints which may, in principle, be relaxed or engineered in suitable quantum systems, for instance in Rydberg atoms.